identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FE5387F7FFD6FFC500A220AB369FFA8F.text	FE5387F7FFD6FFC500A220AB369FFA8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alectorobius Pocock 1907	<div><p>Genus Alectorobius Pocock, 1907</p><p>Both literature surveys and the current study revealed the presence of a single species belonging to this genus, Alectorobius coniceps (Canestrini, 1890) (Fig. 1) (Ali et al. 2024a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFD6FFC500A220AB369FFA8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDCFFCF00A224963441FB57.text	FE5387F7FFDCFFCF00A224963441FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alectorobius coniceps (Canestrini 1890)	<div><p>Alectorobius coniceps (Canestrini, 1890)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This tick has been found in the nests of swallows in Charsadda District (Ali et al. 2024a). In the current study this species was found in Mardan District.</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 2, A–C): Body approximately 4.15± 0.2 mm long and 3.23± 0.1 mm wide, dark brown in colour; posterior body margin rounded, obtusely angled anteriorly, with small subtriangular hood; surface elevated around anterior discs and periphery; mammillae sparse and variable in number; small to large conspicuous discs, with depressed and pebbled central area; posteromedian disc row reaching 2/5 length of body; genital aperture oval, surrounding integument densely and finely pebbled, posterior integument transversely corrugated; preanal groove narrow, arms of transverse section extending almost to body margin; posteromedian groove extending from anus to transverse postanal groove; capitulum with long, conspicuous cheeks; basis capituli ventrally pebbled, twice as long as broad; hypostome three times longer than broad, dental formula 2/2; legs long, slender, surface pebbled; coxae II–IV contiguous, coxae I separated from others; tarsi elongate, narrow and tapering distally, lacking humps.</p><p>Female (Fig. 2, D–F): Body approximately 3.84± 0.2 mm long, 2.23± 0.1 mm broad, light to dark brown in colour; lateral body margins parallel, posterior margin broadly rounded, anterior margin obtusely angled, enclosing a subtriangular, blunt hood; body surface elevated peripherally; mammillae few in number, subcircular laterally but more linear posteriorly, arranged in chain-like rows, mammillae with single or twin setae; discs prominent and of variable size, central discs with pebbled surface, depressed and of various shapes, posteromedian discs extending nearly 2/5 of body length, separated by one or two mammillae, two irregular rows of subexternal discs run diagonally, additional discs as shown in Fig. 2D; genital area with 10 minute setae and large central pore on anterior lip, posterior lip with irregular striations, posterior lip of genital aperture wide and V-shaped; coxal and supracoxal fold well defined; narrow preanal groove extends transversely; paired organs lie within posterior third of body (Fig. 2E); spiracular plates at level of coxae IV; legs long, narrow and pebbled; coxa I separated from coxa II, subsequent coxae contiguous; tarsi narrow and elongate, with distally tapering ends and lacking prominent humps; capitulum situated between coxae I and hood, ventral surface of basis capituli pebbled, nearly twice as wide as long; 8 pairs of short posterolateral setae; posthypostomal setae elongate, arising slightly anterior to palpal insertions and extending to posterior third of palpal segment 3; hypostome three times as long as wide, dental formula 2/2, occasionally 3/3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDCFFCF00A224963441FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A2249637D0FE6F.text	FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A2249637D0FE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas	<div><p>Genus Argas</p><p>Argas spp. are found in many parts of Pakistan, including Punjab, Sindh, and KP. These ticks commonly infest domestic fowl and ducks, especially in sheds containing these birds. Four species of this genus, Argas abdussalami Hoogstraal and McCarthy, 1965, Argas persicus (Oken, 1818), Argas reflexus (Fabricius, 1794), and Argas sp. “ rousetti,” have been reported in Pakistan (Fig. 3) (Yasin &amp; Abdussalam 1958; Hoogstraal &amp; McCarthy 1965b; Buriro &amp; Akbar 1978; Hoogstraal 1985; Qamar et al. 2009; Karim et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2019, 2023c; Zahid et al. 2021). Morphological identification of our collections revealed the presence of Ar. persicus and yielded the first report of Argas hermanni Audouin, 1826 (Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A2249637D0FE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A220BF3114F96E.text	FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A220BF3114F96E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas hermanni Audouin 1826	<div><p>Argas hermanni Audouin, 1826</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Argas hermanni is here reported from Pakistan for the first time, our specimens having been collected in Buner District (Fig. 3).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Nymph (Fig. 4, A–F): Body length and width approximately 3.72± 0.2 mm and 2.15± 0.1 mm, respectively; posterior body margin broadly rounded, lateral margins converging slightly; mammillae absent; dorsal and ventral integument consisting of ridges or wrinkled rows radiating unevenly from center of body to periphery; legs arising from anterior two-fifths of body; coxae IV situated anterior to midlength of body; basis capituli large, lacking ventral setae; posthypostomal setae short, not reaching midlength of palpal segment 2; hypostome with bluntly rounded apex, dental formula 2/2, consisting of short and broad denticles arranged in three to five rows; palpal segments 1, 2 and 4 nearly equal in length, but segment 3 about half as long, each palpal segment with a single small seta; genital aperture absent, although closed depression present in genital aperture region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDDFFCE00A220BF3114F96E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDDFFCD00A2232337DBFEFF.text	FE5387F7FFDDFFCD00A2232337DBFEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas persicus (Oken 1818)	<div><p>Argas persicus (Oken, 1818)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Argas persicus has been reported from Sindh, Punjab (Yasin &amp; Abdussalam 1958; Hoogstraal &amp; McCarthy 1965b; Buriro &amp; Akbar 1978; Ghosh et al. 2007; Qamar et al. 2009; Karim et al. 2017), and KP (Ali et al. 2019, 2023c; Zahid et al. 2021; Tsai et al. 2024).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Female (Fig. 5, A–C): Body approximately 4.7± 0.2 mm long and 3.14± 0.1 mm wide; suture marked by rectangular peripheral cells; one pair of setae at base of hypostome; males with anterior lip of genital aperture more heavily chitinized than posterior lip, suggesting a human thumbnail, whereas in females the two lips are equally but lightly chitinized, resembling a pair of human lips.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDDFFCD00A2232337DBFEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A224963636FEDB.text	FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A224963636FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carios Latreille 1796	<div><p>Genus Carios</p><p>Bat-associated Carios ticks have been reported from northern KP. In earlier studies, Carios ticks were reported infesting bats in Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, Hangu, Swabi, and Dir Lower District (Ullah H et al. 2019; Zahid et al. 2023), while in our investigation these ticks were found on bat hosts in Bajaur, Charsadda, and Mardan, based on morphological identification of our specimens (Fig. 6).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A224963636FEDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A220FF3440F81E.text	FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A220FF3440F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carios vespertilionis Latreille 1796	<div><p>Carios vespertilionis Latreille, 1796</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This tick has been reported from Dir Lower (Ullah H et al. 2019; Zahid et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Female (Fig. 7, A–B): Body approximately 3.55± 0.2 mm long, 3.14± 0.1 mm wide, circular or subcircular, width four-fifths total length, unengorged specimens dorsoventrally thin and flattened, concealing basal leg segments and mouthparts; lateral body margins convex, posterior margin broadly rounded, anterior margin more sharply rounded, forming distinct hood; body colour varying from pale yellow to light or dark brown; dorsal integument with fine wrinkling in antero-central region, low granulations toward margins and posterior body region, granulations suboval to subcircular and slightly elevated; dorsally, chainlike lines, largely consisting of disks, arise from center of body; ventral integument similar to dorsum in pattern and texture, with discs arranged in radiating rows; capitulum situated within deep camerostome, lateral margins of basis capituli convex, with three pairs of sublateral setae at base; hypostome cone-like and twice as long as wide, dental formula 2/2, with six to seven rows of apical denticles; palpal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length, each approximately two-thirds length of segment 1, segment 4 half length of segments 2 and 3; legs short, positioned anterior to midlength of body, coxae contiguous and tapering variably; eyes absent; spiracular plates small, situated between coxae III and IV; genital aperture broadly oval in outline, situated between coxae I.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDFFFCC00A220FF3440F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFD8FFCB00A227DE36EDFB48.text	FE5387F7FFD8FFCB00A227DE36EDFB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ornithodoros Koch 1837	<div><p>Genus Ornithodoros</p><p>Ornithodoros species have been reported from different localities in Shangla, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bajuar, and Orakzai, infesting Asian water buffaloes and their sheds in high mountainous regions. Three Ornithodoros species have been reported in Pakistan: Ornithodoros papillipes (Birula, 1895), Ornithodoros tholozani (Laboulbène and Mégnin, 1882), and possibly the new species Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) pakistanensis (Fig. 8) (Doss 1974; Hoogstraal 1985; Karim et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2022b, 2024c). Morphological identification of ticks collected during this survey confirmed the presence only of Or. (Pavlovskyella) pakistanensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFD8FFCB00A227DE36EDFB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2232C31C2F84B.text	FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2232C31C2F84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma	<div><p>Genus Amblyomma</p><p>Three species, Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas, 1847), Amblyomma javanense (Supino, 1897) and Amblyomma pakhtunensis Ali, Khan, Chitimia–Dobler and Mans, 2024, have been reported infesting reptiles in Pakistan (Fig. 10) (McCarthy 1967; Auffenberg &amp; Auffenberg 1990; Ali et al. 2019, 2024b; Khan M et al. 2022). Morphological identification of our tick collections revealed the presence of Am. gervaisi and Am. pakhtunensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2232C31C2F84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2249636E8FD5A.text	FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2249636E8FD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ornithodoros pakistanensis Ali, Chitimia - Dobler, Munoz-Leal and Mans	<div><p>Ornithodoros pakistanensis Ali, Chitimia–Dobler, Muñoz-Leal and Mans</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This tick has been reported from Shangla, Dir Upper, Dir Lower, Orakzai, and Bajaur districts (Ali et al. 2022b, 2024c).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Nymph (Fig. 9, A–D): Body suboval, approximately 5.21± 0.2 mm long and 2.80± 0.1 mm wide, lateral margins parallel along most of body length, curving posteriorly and tapering anteriorly to rounded apex with slightly concave anterolateral margins; dorsum covered with dense and irregularly shaped mammillae, marginal mammillae bearing short setae; dorsal discs faintly visible, pebbled, with thick marginal ridges; capitulum beneath hood, cheeks small, basis capituli rectangular and wrinkled, with one pair of posthypostomal and postpalpal setae; palpi elongate with dense setae, palpal segment 1 robust; hypostome equal in length to palpal segment 2, dental formula 2/2; dorsoventral grooves present; eyes absent; postanal groove perpendicularly intersected by transverse postanal groove; legs lacking micromammillae, coxae I and II separated, coxae II–IV contiguous, size decreasing from coxae I to IV; tarsi long, tarsus I with five equally prominent dorsal humps, tarsus II with four humps, tarsi III and IV lacking dorsal humps but possessing apical protuberances, tarsus IV with 4–6 pairs of ventral setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFD9FFCA00A2249636E8FD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDAFFC900A227C53619F839.text	FE5387F7FFDAFFC900A227C53619F839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas 1847)	<div><p>Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas, 1847)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species is known from Lahore, Multan (McCarthy 1967; Auffenberg &amp; Auffenberg 1990), and central and northern KP (Ali et al. 2019; Khan, M. et al. 2022).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 11, A–D): Body teardrop shaped, approximately 3.90± 0.2 mm long and 2.44± 0.1 mm wide, dorsoventrally flattened with posterior end broader than anterior; conscutum subcircular and ornate, punctations medium-sized and evenly distributed; cervical grooves short, deep and comma-shaped; ventral surface consisting of two paired and three unpaired plates: the adanal and accessory plates, and the pregenital plate, median plate and anal plate; legs stout, arising from ventrolateral region; coxa I with two broad, flattened and pointed spurs, external spur shorter than internal spur, coxae II–III each with a short, single, pointed spur, coxae IV with triangular spur; tarsi with a pair of sharply pointed, curved claws; basis capituli flask-shaped, dorsoventrally round, dorsal surface smooth with punctations, ventral surface bears 4–5 setae on each lateral margin; hypostome cylindrical, covered by denticles arranged in overlapping rows and terminating in a distinct corona, dental formula 3/3, with small teeth; palpal segments 1 and 2 fused, palpal bases with two long setae; genital aperture situated at level of coxae II, genital aperture oval, lacking setae; spiracular plates located ventro-laterally behind coxae IV, spiracular plate oval and concave, with tapering dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 11, E–H): Body approximately 3.97± 0.2 mm long and 2.49± 0.1 mm wide, larger than male and dorsoventrally flattened, posterior region broader than anterior region; scutum covering one-third of body, with small punctations; cervical grooves deep, elongate, comma shaped; ventral body surface lacking sclerotized plates other than genital; dorsal surface of basis capituli with two longitudinally elongate porose areas; hypostome arising from basis capituli ventrally and equal in length to palps, dental formula 3/3; palpal segments 1 and 2 fused; coxal spurs similar to those of male, spur of coxa IV slightly longer than those of coxae II and III; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plates located ventrolaterally behind coxae IV, oval and concave, with tapering dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDAFFC900A227C53619F839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFDBFFC800A227FA3010F8EF.text	FE5387F7FFDBFFC800A227FA3010F8EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma pakhtunensis Ali, Khan, Chitimia - Dobler and Mans 2024	<div><p>Amblyomma pakhtunensis Ali, Khan, Chitimia–Dobler and Mans, 2024</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This recently described species has been reported infesting Indian monitor lizards in Bajaur District (Ali et al. 2024b).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 12, A–D): Body approximately 4.49± 0.2 mm long and 3.20± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum inornate, broadly oval and pyriform, punctations small and sparsely distributed, confined to posterior and lateral regions, cervical grooves deep, short and comma-shaped, eleven festoons, first festoon clearly defined; eyes indistinct, located laterally; basis capituli subrectangular, dorsal surface smooth and lacking punctations, cornua absent; hypostome clavate, denticles arranged in overlapping rows, corona distinct, dental formula 3/3, with small teeth; palpal segments 1 and 2 fused, palps slightly longer than hypostome; coxa I with two broad, blunt, widely separated spurs, subequal in length, external spur larger than internal spur, coxae II and III each with short, blunt spur, coxa IV with narrow spur; legs stout, tarsi with sharply pointed, curved claws; genital aperture at level of coxae II, genital aperture ovoid to circular, lacking setae; spiracular plates situated ventrolaterally behind coxae IV, spiracular plate oval, with tapering dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 12, E–H): Body approximately 4.50± 0.2 mm long and 2.90± 0.1 mm wide; scutum subcordate, wider anteriorly, tapering toward posterior margins, cervical grooves deep, short, and inverted comma shaped, scutum covering one-third of body, with small punctations; basis capituli subrectangular, dorsal surface of basis with suboval porose areas; palpal segments 1 and 2 fused; festoons as in male; posterior lip of genital aperture broadly U-shaped, situated slightly posterior to level of coxae II; hypostome long, dental formula 3/3; coxal spurs similar to those of male, spur of coxa IV slightly longer than those of coxae II and III; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plate oval, with tapering dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFDBFFC800A227FA3010F8EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC4FFD700A227A337FCFB62.text	FE5387F7FFC4FFD700A227A337FCFB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor C.L.Koch 1844	<div><p>Genus Dermacentor</p><p>Previously, one species of Dermacentor, Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946, was reported to infest goats, sheep and Markhor ( Capra falconeri) in the Hindu Kush, Suleiman, Karakoram and Himalaya ranges (Fig. 13) (McCarthy 1967; Dhanda et al. 1971; Apanaskevich 2013). However, two undetermined species— Dermacentor cf. marginatus and Dermacentor sp. —were morphologically and molecularly identified in recent studies (Ahmad et al. 2023; Ali et al. 2024a) that require mitogenome analyses prior to being recognized as novel species. Dermacentor collections made during our study revealed the presence of two species, D. montanus, and D. raskemensis, with D. montanus here reported for the first time in Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC4FFD700A227A337FCFB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC5FFD600A2249634C9FB57.text	FE5387F7FFC5FFD600A2249634C9FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor montanus Filippova and Panova 1974	<div><p>Dermacentor montanus Filippova and Panova, 1974</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Dermacentor montanus is here reported for the first time from Pakistan, having been found infesting yaks ( Bos grunniens) in Chitral.</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 14, A–D): Body approximately 3.95± 0.2 mm long and 2.38± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum elongate oval, widest at level of spiracular plates and coxae IV, becoming narrow anteriorly, dark red to dark brown, with extensive pale ivory ornamentation, punctations numerous and varying in size, larger punctations sparsely distributed and small ones covering the entire conscutal surface; cervical grooves deep anteriorly and shallow posteriorly, diverging outward; lateral grooves indistinct and superficial, originating at level of coxae IV and terminating at first festoon; eyes oval, slightly convex, located anteriorly at one fifth of scutal length; eleven festoons; hypostome clavate with rounded apex and bearing several rows of small denticles, dental formula 3/3; palpi and basis capituli partially covered with whitish enameling, basis capituli rectangular, with short, blunt cornua; palpi robust and short, segment 1 small but ventrally distinct, segment 2 narrow, segment 3 subtriangular and broadly rounded distally, segment 4 cylindrical; legs dorsally ornate, coxae lacking enameling, coxa I with long, triangular, closely appressed spurs, their apices narrowly rounded, coxae II and III each bearing small, broadly oval internal and sharply pointed external spurs, coxae IV enlarged with narrow, tapering triangular external spurs, genu (patella) and tibiae of legs II–IV with stout ventral spurs, tarsi humped, with moderately developed claws; genital aperture situated anterior to level of coxae II; spiracular plates suboval, lacking well-developed dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 14, E–H): Body rounded oval, approximately 4.06± 0.2 mm long and 2.37± 0.1 mm wide, idiosoma and other body parts reddish-brown to dark brown; scutum subcircular, with prominently angled posterolateral margins, and covered with whitish enameling except in the vicinity of punctations and grooves, cervical grooves deep anteriorly, becoming shallow posteriorly, and curving toward posterolateral scutal margins; basis capituli rectangular, length nearly twice width, cornua triangular, short and pointed apically, porose areas deep and subcircular with distinct margins, palpi as in male, hypostome clavate, short and robust, with slightly rounded apex, dental formula 4/ 4 in anterior three rows, 3/3 posteriorly; legs as in male, except coxa IV smaller, ventral spurs of genu and tibia on legs II–IV as in male; genital aperture situated posterior to level of coxae II; posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plates situated just posterior to coxae IV, ventral margins angularly convex, dorsal prolongation short and blunt.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC5FFD600A2249634C9FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC6FFD500A22496305CFBE4.text	FE5387F7FFC6FFD500A22496305CFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev 1946	<div><p>Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Dermacentor raskemensis has been reported from Ziarat, Quetta (McCarthy 1967; Dhanda et al. 1971), Swat, and Sandman Tangi (Apanaskevich 2013).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 15, A–D): Body approximately 4.71± 0.2 mm long and 2.80± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum ovoid with short, deep cervical grooves that diverge posteriorly, almost reaching level of coxae III, punctations variable in size, numerous and distributed throughout conscutum, which is metallic white except in vicinity of grooves and punctations; eyes oval, located at anterior fifth of body; eleven festoons, first festoon clearly defined; marginal grooves enclose first festoon and extend anteriorly to level of coxae III; dorsally, capitulum rectangular, 1.3 times longer than wide, cornua sharply pointed and one-third length of dorsal basis capituli, ventrally capitulum bases rounded at posterolateral margins and bearing one pair of small post-hypostomal setae, palpi short, hypostome slightly shorter than palpi with bluntly rounded apex, dental formula 3/3; legs robust and metallic white dorsally, legs I–III of medium length, legs IV longest, coxa I with two blunt, widely separated, subequal spurs, coxae II and III each with a short, blunt spur, coxa IV large, extending to anal region, with narrow, elongate external spur; genital region ovoid, situated between coxae II and slightly longer than wide; spiracular plates elongate-oval, dorsal prolongation narrow.</p><p>Female (Fig. 15, E–H): Body approximately 4.36± 0.2 mm long and 2.45± 0.1 mm wide; scutum with metallic white ornamentation except in vicinity of grooves and punctations, cordiform, widest at midpoint, tapering toward both anterior and posterior margins; eyes circular, flat, and situated at widest part of scutum; cervical grooves deep and comma-shaped anteriorly, diverging and shallow posteriorly; basis capituli subrectangular, broader than long, porose areas deep and ovoid, cornua minute, ornate, subtriangular, with bluntly rounded apices; palpi similar to male; hypostome short and clavate, dental formula 3/3; legs I–III moderate in size, legs IV similar in structure and shape but slightly larger; genital aperture located at level of coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture V-shaped; spiracular plates ovoid and pointed, narrowly projecting at postero-dorsal surface, located behind coxae IV.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC6FFD500A22496305CFBE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC6FFD400A2234B34E4FD83.text	FE5387F7FFC6FFD400A2234B34E4FD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis C.L.Koch 1844	<div><p>Genus Haemaphysalis</p><p>Haemaphysalis ticks are distributed throughout the north and west mountainous regions of KP, Balochistan, and some parts of Punjab and Sindh. Previous studies have yielded a total of 12 haemaphysaline ticks reported from both wild and domestic animals in Pakistan: Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897, Haemaphysalis canestrinii (Supino, 1897), Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962, Haemaphysalis danieli Černý and Hoogstraal, 1977, Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884, Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913, Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910, Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton and Nuttall, 1909, Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962, Haemaphysalis kutchensis Hoogstraal and Trapido, 1963, Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall, 1912, and Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878 (Fig. 16) (Hoogstraal &amp; Varma 1962; Dhanda 1964; Hoogstraal &amp; McCarthy 1965a; Hoogstraal et al. 1966; McCarthy 1967; Hoogstraal 1970, 1971; Begum et al. 1970b; Robertson et al. 1970; Černý &amp; Hoogstraal 1977; Karim et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2019, 2023; Kamran et al. 2021; Khan Z et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023). Both literature and the results of the present study indicate that haemaphysaline ticks chiefly infest small ruminants in Pakistan, while Kamran et al. (2021) rarely collected Ha. bispinosa from equine hosts in Balochistan. The present study revealed the presence of seven Haemaphysalis species: Ha. bispinosa, Ha. cornupunctata, Ha. danieli, Ha. indica, Ha. kashmirensis, Ha. montgomeryi, and Ha. sulcata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC6FFD400A2234B34E4FD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC7FFD300A2219C31ECFD83.text	FE5387F7FFC7FFD300A2219C31ECFD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897</p><p>Distribution</p><p>The reported territories for Ha. bispinosa are Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Karim et al. 2017), KP (Khan Z et al. 2022, 2024; Alam et al. 2022; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Ali et al. 2023c; Majid et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023), Punjab (Begum et al. 1970b; Hussain et al. 2023), Balochistan (Kamran et al. 2021), Khairpur and the Neelum Valley (McCarthy, 1967).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 17, A–D): Body elongate-oval, approximately 2.10± 0.2 mm long and 1.15± 0.1 mm wide, colour ranging from reddish brown to dark brown; conscutum ovoid, widest at level of spiracular plates and coxae IV, with broadly rounded margins, conscutum covered with fine and irregularly scattered punctations, cervical grooves short, deep and comma shaped; festoons twice as long as broad, lateral grooves shallow, originating at level of coxae II and ending at first festoon, which is not enclosed; capitulum short, basis capituli rectangular, twice as wide as long, with conspicuous pointed cornua, palpi short and broad, segment 2 narrow posteriorly and wider anteriorly, segment 3 dorsally subtriangular, broadly rounded distally, segment 4 cylindrical, small and fused with segment 3, hypostome clavate, with slightly rounded apex, dental formula is 4/4; coxa I with prominent narrow spur, coxae II–IV with spurs either absent or minute; genital aperture cordiform, situated between coxae II; spiracular plates situated just posterior to coxae IV.</p><p>Female (Fig. 17, E–H): Body approximately 2.54± 0.2 mm long and 1.48± 0.1 mm wide; scutum circular or elongate-oval in outline, with smoothly rounded posterolateral margins; cervical grooves deep and comma shaped, cervical pits shallow and subparallel, extending beyond midlength of scutum, punctations sparse and variable in size; basis capituli three times wider than long, lateral margins straight, cornua triangular and sharply pointed, porose areas subcircular, moderately large and widely spaced, palpi short, segment 2 narrow posteriorly and wider anteriorly forming an angle, hypostome slightly longer than palpi and with rounded apex, denticles short and arranged in about 9 rows, dental formula 4/4; legs robust, all coxae evenly spaced and with distinct spurs, coxa I with moderately long pointed spur, spurs of coxae II–IV broadly pointed and triangular; trochanters lack ventral spurs, tarsi elongate and narrow, tapering toward apices, claws medium-sized; genital aperture situated just posterior to coxa II, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plates suboval, with broad, short, blunt dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC7FFD300A2219C31ECFD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC0FFD200A2214B362CFDA7.text	FE5387F7FFC0FFD200A2214B362CFDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal and Varma 1962	<div><p>Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been found in central KP, Saidu Sharif Swat, Gilgit, Kaghan valley and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Hoogstraal &amp; Varma 1962; McCarthy 1967; Ghosh et al. 2007; Karim et al. 2017; Khan SM et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Ali et al. 2023c; Khan M et al. 2023), Punjab (Hussain et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 18,A–D): Body approximately 2.89± 0.2 mm long and 1.74± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown; conscutum elongate oval, widest at spiracular area and coxae IV, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin bluntly rounded, lateral grooves distinct, originating at level of coxae II and extending to level of second festoon, cervical grooves deep and comma shaped anteriorly, becoming shallow and diverging posteriorly, punctations few and sparsely distributed, eleven clearly separated festoons; basis capituli rectangular, lateral margins slightly convex, with short triangular cornua, basis capituli with a few scattered punctations, palpi conical, segment 1 indistinct dorsally but bulbous and narrow basally, segment 2 twice length of segment 3, hypostome moderately stout, with bluntly rounded apex and subparallel lateral margins, narrow elongate denticles arranged in 6–8 rows, dental formula 4/4; legs stout, especially legs IV, coxal spurs increase in length from coxae I to IV, spur of coxa II is slightly larger than coxa I, coxa III is larger from coxa II, coxa IV with very large, long spur almost reaching anal region, claws moderately stout and long, trochanters without ventral spurs, tarsi stout and short, slightly humped and dorsally flat; anal groove distinct and deep, forming Y-shaped pattern; genital aperture wide and oval, situated between coxae II; spiracular plates long but with narrow dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 18, E–H): Body large, rounded, approximately 4.00± 0.2 mm long and 3.10. 1 mm wide, colour reddish to dark brown; scutum elongate-oval, nearly twice as long as broad, anterior third of scutum diverging widely, then abruptly narrowing to bluntly rounded posterior margin, cervical grooves concave and deep, extending beyond scutal midlength, punctations larger and deeper than those of male, numerous anteriorly and sparser posteriorly; capitulum as in male except slightly larger, basis capituli rectangular, with short and widely triangular cornua, porose areas large and subcircular, palpi, hypostome and denticles similar to male, dental formula 4/4; legs stout, spurs of coxae I–III similar but slightly larger than those of male, spur of coxa IV narrow, as long as broad but smaller than that of male; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; dorsal prolongation of spiracular plate broader than in male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC0FFD200A2214B362CFDA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC1FFD100A2211D343AFE13.text	FE5387F7FFC1FFD100A2211D343AFE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis danieli Cerny and Hoogstraal 1977	<div><p>Haemaphysalis danieli Černý and Hoogstraal, 1977</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been reported from KP and Gilgit Baltistan (Černý &amp; Hoogstraal 1977; Ahmad et al. 2022; Ali et al. 2023c; Khan M et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 19, A–D): Body oval, approximately 3.32± 0.2 mm long and 2.00± 0.1 mm wide, dark red to reddish brown; conscutum pyriform, twice as long as wide, widest at level of spiracular plates; small and medium-sized shallow punctations densely and unevenly distributed over conscutum; cervical grooves deep, comma-shaped, linear anteriorly and converging posteriorly, eleven clearly defined festoons, lateral grooves long, extending from level of coxae II and enclosing first two festoons; capitulum short and stout, basis capituli rectangular, longer than wide, with short, thick, blunt cornua, posterior margins straight, palpi short, segment 1 narrow, segment 2 narrow posteriorly, becoming broader and forming elevated angles, segment 3 half length of segment 2, hypostome slightly shorter than palpi, with several rows of minute denticles, dental formula 5/5; legs short and robust, spurs of all coxae similar in size and shape, sharply pointed apically and curving outward, tarsi distinctly humped, claws well developed; genital structure broadly circular, situated between coxae II, genital grooves subparallel anteriorly and gradually diverging posteriorly, spiracular plates elongate oval with narrow dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 19, E–H): Body approximately 3.37± 0.2 mm long and 2.20± 0.1 mm wide; scutum pyriform, longer than wide; cervical grooves deep, extending to scutal midlength, diverging anteriorly and subparallel posteriorly; scutal punctations medium-sized, deep, and unevenly distributed; capitulum long, basis capituli subrectangular, about three times wider than long, cornua absent, palpi slightly longer than hypostome, segment 1 short, segment 2 twice length of segment 3, hypostome long, slightly shorter than palpi, hypostome with 9–10 rows of small denticles, dental formula 5/5; legs long and stout compared to male, coxae I–IV with large, subequal, broad and bluntly rounded spurs, spurs on coxae II and III more concave than those on coxae I and IV, trochanters without ventral spurs but broadly triangular, tarsi stout and short, claws large; genital aperture situated between coxae II and III, with U-shaped posterior lip; spiracular plates elongate oval, with large and broadly triangular dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC1FFD100A2211D343AFE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC2FFD100A220523677F873.text	FE5387F7FFC2FFD100A220523677F873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis indica Warburton 1910	<div><p>Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been reported from KP (Ali et al. 2019, 2023a), Lahore and Hyderabad (McCarthy 1967; Hoogstraal 1970).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 20, A–C, F): Body small, approximately 1.65± 0.1 mm long and 0.91± 0.08 mm wide, reddish yellow; conscutum about 1.6 times as long as wide, margins broadly rounded, with deep and distinct lateral grooves extending from anterior one fourth of scutum and enclosing first festoon, cervical grooves short, deep and convergent anteriorly, punctations sparse and irregularly distributed, of varying size and depth, eleven festoons; capitulum short, basis capituli twice as wide as long, cornua short and broadly triangular; palpi conspicuously broad, their combined width 1.6 times that of basis capituli, segment 1 obsolete dorsally, segment 2 twice as wide as long with posterodorsal margin deeply concave, segment 3 broadly triangular and 0.8 as long as segment 2, hypostome as long as palpi, denticles small, dental formula 4/4; legs short and robust, spurs of each coxa broadly triangular, spur of coxa I twice the size of those on coxae II–IV, trochanters without spurs, tarsi stout and short, with dorsal humps, claws small; genital aperture cordiform, situated just anterior to coxae II; spiracular plates subquadrate, 1.6 times longer than broad, dorsal prolongation narrow.</p><p>Female (Fig. 20, D, E): Diagnostic characters similar to male, body reddish to reddish yellow, small, approximately 1.66± 0.1 mm long and 0.96± 0.09 mm wide; scutum ovate, 1.2 times as long as wide, widest at midlength, with few shallow and irregularly distributed punctations, variable in size; cervical grooves deep and subparallel, reaching almost to scutal midlength; capitulum, basis capituli, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 4/4; legs are more stout and longer than in male, coxal spurs comparatively shorter than male, tarsi and claws same as in male; genital aperture subquadrate, situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture Ushaped; spiracular plates oval with reduced dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC2FFD100A220523677F873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC3FFDF00A220653757FEA3.text	FE5387F7FFC3FFDF00A220653757FEA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal and Varma 1962	<div><p>Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Haemaphysalis kashmirensis has been reported from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Karim et al. 2017), Naran, Shogran (Hoogstraal &amp; Varma 1962), Babusar, Saidu Sharif, Gilgit and central KP (McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b; Khan Z et al. 2022; Khan SM et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 21, A–D): Body elongate-oval, approximately 2.96± 0.2 mm long and 1.68± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown; conscutum elongate oval, twice as wide as long with bluntly rounded posterior margin and widest at level of coxae IV; cervical grooves very short, slightly convergent and deep; lateral grooves long, deep, extending from level of coxae II to first festoon, punctations shallow, sparse and more numerous anteriorly than posteriorly, eleven clearly defined festoons; capitulum short and stout, basis capituli slightly longer than wide, lateral margins subparallel, posterior margin between cornua straight, dorsal surface with sparse punctations, cornua triangular and robust, sharply pointed posteriorly, palpi conical, segment 1 narrow basally, segments 2 and 3 about equal in length, segment 2 posteriorly elevated, forming an angular, spur-like ridge, segment 3 broad, with gradually tapering spur ventrally, hypostome moderately stout with pointed apex and slightly convex lateral margins, dental formula 6/6; legs robust and rather long, each coxa with small, hook-like curved spur, trochanters lacking spurs but with distal spur-like ridge, tarsi short and stout, slightly humped at base, claws long and stout; genital aperture subcircular and large, situated between coxae II; spiracular plates with short and moderately wide dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 21, E–H): Body approximately 3.33± 0.2 mm long and 2.00± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown as in male; scutum cordiform, length and width approximately equal, margins rounded posteriorly, cervical grooves deep and subparallel, anteriorly convergent, becoming shallow and divergent posterior to scutal midlength, punctations small, densely distributed over anterior two-fifths of scutum; capitulum as in male but slightly larger, basis capituli with short and broadly triangular cornua, porose areas medium-sized, shallow and elongate triangular, space between porose areas nearly equal to width of single porose area, hypostome clavate, with 9–12 rows of fine, small denticles, dental formula 5/5; legs, tarsi and coxal spurs as in male, except tarsi II and III more distinctly humped; genital aperture situated just posterior to coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plates oval, with shorter dorsal prolongation than male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC3FFDF00A220653757FEA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCCFFDE00A2204C343DFEFF.text	FE5387F7FFCCFFDE00A2204C343DFEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall 1912	<div><p>Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall, 1912</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Haemaphysalis montgomeryi has been reported from Gilgit Baltistan (Karim et al. 2017), KP (Robertson et al. 1970; Ali et al. 2019, 2023c; Khan Z et al. 2022; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Khan SM et al. 2023; Majid et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024), Azad Kashmir (Hoogstraal et al. 1966), Punjab, Sindh, and northern areas (McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 22, A–D): Body small, ovoid, approximately 2.25± 0.15 mm long and 1.38± 0.1 mm wide, yellowish to brownish-yellow; scutum elongate, 1.5 times longer than wide, with glossy surface, widest just anterior to spiracular dorsal projection, lateral grooves short, shallow, arising at level of coxae III and enclosing first festoon, cervical grooves deep, short and subparallel, punctations shallow, sparse and small, eleven festoons; capitulum short and stout, basis capituli 1.3 times longer than wide, lateral and posterior margins straight, cornua short, broadly triangular with sharp or bluntly pointed ends, palpi short and compact, without basolateral projections, segment 1 short, segment 2 slightly longer than wide, segment 3 shorter than segment 2, ventrally segments 2 and 3 with pointed spurs, hypostome same length as palpi, nearly 2.5 times longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, apex rounded, dental formula 6/6; legs robust, each coxa with prominent, sharply pointed spur, spur of coxa I long compared to coxae II and III, spur of coxa IV twice as long as that of coxa III, each coxa covered by 12–20 long setae, trochanters with pointed spurs ventrally, spur of trochanter I shorter than those of trochanters II–IV, tarsi long and stout, claws moderate; genital aperture subovate, situated between coxae II; spiracular plates subrectangular with short triangular dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 22, E–H): Body small, approximately 3.32± 0.15 mm long and 2.20± 0.1 mm wide, colour as in male; conscutum elongate, 1.25 times longer than wide, with rounded posterior margins, cervical grooves deep anteriorly and subparallel, small, shallow posteriorly and densely punctate; capitulum short and stout, basis capituli twice as wide as long, lateral margins slightly divergent, cornua short and less sharp than those of male, porose areas elongate-oval, small and widely separated, palpi similar to those of male, hypostome slightly broader than in male, dental formula 6/6 or 7/7; legs robust and long, spurs of coxae broadly triangular and shorter than in male, coxae covered with dense setae, trochanters with sharply pointed ventral spurs, tarsi and claws same as in male; genital aperture tongue-like, posterior lip narrow and U-shaped; spiracular plates wider and dorsal prolongation shorter than in male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCCFFDE00A2204C343DFEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCDFFDE00A22066316AF827.text	FE5387F7FFCDFFDE00A22066316AF827.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago 1878	<div><p>Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species occurs in many regions, including KP (Ghafar et al. 2020a; Alam et al. 2022; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Khan Z et al. 2024), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Karim et al. 2017), Balochistan, and Punjab (McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 23, A–D): Body elongate, approximately 3.82± 0.2 mm long and 1.95± 0.1 mm wide, dark or reddish brown; conscutum elongate, lateral grooves well defined, arising from level of coxae II and enclosing first festoon, cervical grooves deep and subparallel, eleven festoons, punctations sparse, of varying size and irregularly distributed; basis capituli length nearly equal to width, posterior margin straight, cornua robust, long and sharply pointed, palpi short, segment 2 with prominent arched lateral angles, hypostome same length as palpi, apex rounded, dental formula 6/6, with six rows of denticles; legs long and robust, coxa I with narrow, tapering spur, coxae II and III with very short and broad spurs, coxa IV with relatively long spur, curved laterally; genital aperture situated between coxae II, subcircular; spiracular plates broadly rounded with narrow dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 23, E–H): Body approximately 3.70± 0.2 mm long and 2.08± 0.1 mm wide, colour as in male; scutum reddish and broadly ovate, with large, deep, dense punctations and sinuous posterior margin, cervical grooves deep and subparallel, narrow and deeper anteriorly, broader and shallow posteriorly, punctations deep, large and densely distributed; capitulum as in male, basis capituli 1.5 times wider than long; porose areas large and subcircular, widely separated, cornua very short or absent, palpi and hypostome similar to those of male; dental formula 4/4, rarely 5/5 or 3/3; legs long, moderately robust, coxal spurs absent or minute; genital aperture U-shaped with thickened posterior lip; spiracular plates subovate with reduced dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCDFFDE00A22066316AF827	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCEFFDC00A227CA31FCFEFF.text	FE5387F7FFCEFFDC00A227CA31FCFEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma C.L.Koch 1844	<div><p>Genus Hyalomma</p><p>Hyalomma ticks are found in nearly all provinces of Pakistan. Among these ticks, Hy. anatolicum Koch, 1844, is the most prevalent species and has been reported from several hosts. Hyalomma schulzei Olenev, 1931, and Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946, were the least reported species in literature as well as in the present study. In Pakistan, 12 Hyalomma species have been reported on various hosts: Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758), Hy. anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, Hyalomma brevipunctata Sharif, 1928, Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844, Hyalomma hussaini Sharif, 1928, Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, Hyalomma isaaci Sharif, 1928, Hyalomma kumari Sharif, 1928, Hy. schulzei, Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919, and Hy. turanicum (Fig. 24) (Kaiser &amp; Hoogstraal 1964; McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b; Apanaskevich et al. 2008, 2009, 2010; Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008, 2009, 2010; Karim et al. 2017; Rehman et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2019, 2020, 2021; Kasi et al. 2020; Ghafar et al. 2020b; Kamran et al. 2021; Alam et al. 2022; Khan Z et al. 2022; Zeb et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2023, 2024; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023). Our tick collections confirmed the presence of eight Hyalomma species: Hy. anatolicum, Hy. asiaticum, Hy. dromedarii, Hy. isaaci, Hy. kumari, Hy. schulzei, Hy. scupense, and Hy. turanicum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCEFFDC00A227CA31FCFEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCFFFDB00A225933059FE13.text	FE5387F7FFCFFFDB00A225933059FE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma anatolicum Koch 1844	<div><p>Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species is found commonly throughout the country (Kaiser &amp; Hoogstral 1964; McCarthy 1967), especially in Punjab (Sajid et al. 2011; Rehman et al. 2017; Karim et al. 2017; Ghafar et al. 2020b; Hussain et al. 2023), KP (Zeb et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2019, 2021, 2023c; Khan Z et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Zeb et al. 2022; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Khan Z et al. 2024; Ullah S et al. 2024), Sindh (Karim et al. 2017), and Balochistan (Karim et al. 2017; Kasi et al. 2020; Kamran et al. 2021).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 25, A–D): Body oval, pale and small, approximately 2.60± 0.12 mm long and 1.54± 0.08 mm wide; conscutum narrowly oval, pale reddish to reddish-brown, cervical grooves superficial, extending half the length of conscutum, central festoon or parma pale or dark, often absent or poorly defined, accompanied by two pairs of clearly defined festoons, posteromedian groove not connected to parma, separated by low, smooth surface, posterolateral grooves shallow, punctations small and unevenly distributed, but numerous along short, deep lateral grooves; eyes large, bulging, enclosed in sockets; capitulum long, palpi long and parallel, basis capituli subrectangular, dorsal posterior margin straight or slightly concave, cornua minute, palpal segment 2 with proximal constriction, hypostome clavate, slightly longer than palpi, dental formula 3/3; legs long and whitish, without distinct striations, spurs of coxae I closely spaced, internal spur widely triangular, external spur curved and narrow, external spurs of coxae II–IV well developed, decreasing in size from coxae II–IV and arched posteriorly, internal spurs of coxae II–III minute and arched, internal spur of coxa IV large and prominent, tarsi and claws as shown in figure (Fig. 24A); genital aperture situated at level between coxae I and II, postgenital sclerite with long lateral extensions, medially curved and reaching pregenital arch, pregenital arch narrow; adanal plates narrow and elongate, tapering posteriorly, lateral margins convex, anteromedial margins concave with inwardly projecting process, subanal plates elongate, small and slightly pointed, absent in some specimens, accessory plates subcircular and distant from adanal plates, adanal plates align with subanal plates; spiracular plates located postero-laterally with few setae and long dorsal prolongation.</p><p>Female (Fig. 25, E–H): Body small, approximately 3.00± 0.12 mm long and 1.86± 0.08 mm wide, yellowish to dark brown; scutum pale to reddish-brown, as long as broad, widest at midlength near eyes, posterior margin evenly rounded, cervical grooves deep anteriorly, shallow posteriorly, extending to posterior scutal margin, punctations small, irregularly distributed; eyes large and in sockets, located laterally at scutal midlength; capitulum long, basis capituli subrectangular, posterior margin straight, cornua mildly pointed, porose areas suboval and widely separated, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; coxal spurs as in male, genital aperture situated between coxae II, broadly arched, vestibular part of vagina slightly protruding and funnel-shaped, posterior lip of genital aperture U-shaped; spiracular plates situated postero-laterally, ovate, with a few setae and small dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCFFFDB00A225933059FE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC8FFDA00A225FF3125FE4B.text	FE5387F7FFC8FFDA00A225FF3125FE4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke 1929	<div><p>Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke, 1929</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Hyalomma asiaticum is known from Balochistan, KP, and Punjab (Kaiser &amp; Hoogstraal 1964; McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b; Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2010; Ullah S et al. 2024).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 26, A–D): Body large, approximately 4.25± 0.2 mm long and 2.40± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum ovoid, dark brown to pale yellow, cervical grooves very deep, wide and long, reaching scutal midlength, lateral grooves short, extending over one third of conscutum, posteromedian groove long, paramedian grooves short, parma large and well defined, flanked by four clearly defined festoons, punctations large and chiefly restricted to lateral and scapular regions; eyes large, bulging, and in sockets; capitulum long, basis capituli subrectangular, lacking lateral projections, dorsally, posterior margin deeply concave and angular, with moderately developed cornua, palpi long, hypostome clavate, slightly shorter than palpi, with several rows of fine denticles, dental formula 3/3; legs long, stout and striated, with ivory enameling at distal end of each segment, coxa I with two subequal spurs, external spur slightly longer than internal spur, with pointed apices, coxae II–IV with distinct triangular external spurs, internal spurs of coxae II and III minute and broadly arcuate, coxa IV with distinct triangular internal spur; three pairs of ventral plates, adanal plates long, narrow and straight, slightly tapering posteriorly to median projection, lateral margin somewhat convex, anteromedial margin concave, subanal plates varying in shape and size, suboval and longitudinally aligned, accessory plates somewhat separate from adanal plates; genital aperture situated just anterior to level of coxae II, perforated portion of spiracular plates is gently curved throughout its length, ranging from moderately broad to very narrow, dorsal prolongation long and clearly distinct from main plate, sparse setae in spiracular region.</p><p>Female (Fig. 26, E–H): Body round, narrowing anteriorly, approximately 5.32± 0.2 mm long and 3.08± 0.1 mm wide; scutum dark brown to red-brown, length and width subequal, posterior margin broadly rounded with prominent posterolateral angles, cervical grooves deep, extending to posterior scutal margin, large punctations sparsely distributed on scutum; eyes large, bulging, in sockets; capitulum long, dorsolateral projections of basis capituli short and broad, ventral projections absent, dorsal posterior margin straight, with inconspicuous cornua, porose areas large, suboval and widely separated, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; legs long, with ivory enameling at each segment, coxa I with two long, subequal spurs, external spur slightly longer than internal spur, coxae II–IV with distinct triangular external spurs, internal spurs minute and broadly arcuate; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture narrowly U-shaped; spiracular plates suboval, dorsal prolongation short, perforated portion of dorsal prolongation gently curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC8FFDA00A225FF3125FE4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFC9FFD900A2264734DEFD4F.text	FE5387F7FFC9FFD900A2264734DEFD4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma dromedarii Koch 1844	<div><p>Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species is found in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Kaiser &amp; Hoogstraal 1964; McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b; Karim et al. 2017), Punjab (Ghosh et al. 2007; Hussain et al. 2023), KP (Siddiqi &amp; Jan 1986; Khan Z et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Ali et al. 2023c; Khan M et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024), Sindh (Gadahi et al. 2013), and Balochistan (Kasi et al. 2020; Kamran et al. 2021).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 27, A–B): A large tick, approximately 5.40± 0.2 mm long and 3.28± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum broadly oval and red-brown, widest at midlength, cervical grooves deep anteriorly, becoming shallow posteriorly and reaching midlength of conscutum, lateral grooves deeply impressed, extending anteriorly to almost one-third of conscutum, posteromedian groove wide, extending anteriorly from parma to one-fourth conscutum, paramedian grooves well defined, large punctations sparse, mainly distributed in caudal and lateral regions, small punctations varying in density, central festoon or parma conical and yellowish, flanked by four clearly defined festoons; eyes large, bulging, and in sockets; legs long and stout, with ivory enameling, ivory dorsal stripes complete or incomplete, coxa I with long, subequal internal and external spurs, external spur slightly longer, coxae II and III with minute, broadly arcuate internal spurs, coxa IV with distinct triangular internal spur, coxae II–IV with distinct, broadly arcuate external spurs; capitulum long and stout, dorsal posterior margin of basis capituli angular and deeply concave, lacking lateral projections, cornua small, palpi long, hypostome clavate, slightly shorter than palpi, denticles small, dental formula 3/3; three pairs of ventral plates, adanal plates distinctly curved and rounded posteriorly, with convex lateral margins, deeply concave posteromedian margins and rounded posterior edges, subanal plates large and aligned with accessory plates; genital aperture situated just anterior to level of coxae II, subcircular; spiracular plates with sparse setae, perforated portion mildly curved, dorsal prolongation long and narrow.</p><p>Female (Fig. 27, C–D): Body approximately 5.80± 0.2 mm long and 3.88± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown; scutum nearly as long as broad, yellowish to reddish brown, posterior margin slightly rounded and with clearly defined posterolateral angles, cervical grooves deep and extending to posterior scutal margin, punctations large, deep and sparse but evenly distributed; eyes large and bulging; capitulum, palpi and hypostome as in male, basis capituli with short, broad dorsolateral projections, dorsal posterior margin slightly concave, porose areas oval and widely separated, dental formula 3/3; leg coloration and pattern as in male, coxal spurs similar to male; genital aperture with V-shaped posterior lip, situated at level of coxae II; spiracular setae sparse, perforated portion of dorsal prolongation slightly curved and narrow.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFC9FFD900A2264734DEFD4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCAFFD900A227433751F8CF.text	FE5387F7FFCAFFD900A227433751F8CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma isaaci Sharif 1928	<div><p>Hyalomma isaaci Sharif, 1928</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been found in several regions of the country, including Balochistan, Punjab, and KP (McCarthy 1967; Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008; Karim et al. 2017; Alam et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 28,A–D): Body elongate-oval, approximately 4.18± 0.2 mm long and 2.63± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum dark and broadly oval but narrowing somewhat in vicinity of spiracular plates, cervical grooves deep anteriorly, shallow posteriorly, lateral grooves extending anteriorly almost to eyes, posteromedian and paramedian grooves deeply impressed, posteromedian groove extending to median festoon, additional central and lateral depressions present, parma absent, with five clearly defined festoons, large punctations very few; eyes large, bulging, and in sockets; capitulum long and stout, basis capituli lacking lateral projections, with concave dorsal posterior margin, palpi longer than clavate hypostome, dental formula 3/3; legs long, with narrow ivory bands encircling distal portions of each segment as well as small ivory spot on proximal portion of each segment, external and internal spurs long and subequal in length, external spurs slightly longer, spurs of coxae II–IV distinct and triangular; three pairs of ventral plates, adanal plates long, truncated posteriorly, and aligned with subanal plates, subanal plates small, accessory plates large and adjacent to adanal plates; dorsal prolongation of spiracular plate long and narrow, perforated portion of prolongation straight and curved at apex, circumspiracular setae moderately dense, concentrated around anterior region.</p><p>Female (Fig. 28, E–H): Body approximately 4.64± 0.2 mm long and 2.79± 0.1 mm wide; scutum black to dark reddish brown, as wide as long, posterolateral margins sinuous, cervical grooves moderately deep, extending to posterior scutal margin, large punctations scattered, distributed over cervical grooves and central anterior region; eyes large, bulging, and in sockets; capitulum as in male, basis capituli with short lateral projections dorsally, absent ventrally, posterior margin straight to slightly concave, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; legs long, colour pattern and striations as in male, coxa I similar to male, with subequal internal and external spurs, external spur slightly longer, coxae II–IV with well-developed spurs; genital aperture wide and U-shaped, situated between coxae II; spiracular plates with narrow perforated dorsal prolongation, circumspiracular setae moderately dense, concentrated in anterior region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCAFFD900A227433751F8CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFCBFFD800A2277F341EF837.text	FE5387F7FFCBFFD800A2277F341EF837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma kumari Sharif 1928	<div><p>Hyalomma kumari Sharif, 1928</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been reported from several regions of Pakistan (Apanaskevich et al. 2009), including the northern areas (Karim et al. 2017), KP (Ullah S et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Khan Z et al. 2024) and Kirthar range (McCarthy 1967).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 29, A–D): A small tick, approximately 3.30± 0.2 mm long and 1.62± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum usually narrow and yellow-brown, with small, medium and large-sized punctations, cervical grooves shallow, extending to one-fourth conscutal length, lateral grooves extending almost to eyes and with large punctations, posteromedian groove short, not reaching central festoon, paramedian grooves well developed, parma absent, with eleven distinct festoons; eyes large, in sockets; capitulum long and stout, basis capituli subrectangular, basis capituli with prominent lateral projections dorsally and ventrally, posterior dorsal margin straight or slightly concave, with moderately developed cornua, palpi longer than hypostome, palpal segment I with two or three ventro-median setae, hypostome clavate, dental formula 3/3; legs long, uniformly yellowish brown, without prominent striations, coxa I with long internal and external spurs, external slightly longer, coxae II–IV each with subtriangular, distinct external spur and minute, broadly curved internal spur; two pairs of ventral plates, adanal and accessory, subanal plates absent, adanal plates broader and truncated posteriorly; genital aperture situated just anterior to coxae II, outline subcircular; perforated portion of dorsal prolongation mostly straight, curved near tip, circumspiracular setae sparsely distributed.</p><p>Female (Fig. 29, E–H): Body ovoid, approximately 3.80± 0.2 mm long and 2.08± 0.1 mm wide; scutum rounded, yellow-brown, slightly longer than wide, posterolateral angles moderately developed, cervical grooves shallow, extending to posterior scutal margin, large and medium-sized punctations especially dense in cervical fields; eyes large and bulging; capitulum as in male, basis capituli with prominent lateral projections, dorsal posterior margin straight or slightly concave with modest cornua; legs long, with uniform coloration ranging from yellowish to reddish brown, coxae I with long internal and external spurs, coxae II–IV with prominent, broadly triangular, apically rounded external spurs, internal spurs minute and arcuate; posterior lip of genital aperture narrow, usually U-shaped.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFCBFFD800A2277F341EF837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF4FFE600A227C936B9FF6B.text	FE5387F7FFF4FFE600A227C936B9FF6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma schulzei Olenev 1931	<div><p>Hyalomma schulzei Olenev, 1931</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Hyalomma schulzei has been reported from many parts of Balochistan, including Quetta, Chagi, Kalat, Nushki and Gulistan (McCarthy 1967; Apanaskevich et al. 2008).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 30, A–B): A very large tick, approximately 8.49± 0.2 mm long and 4.41± 0.1 mm wide, yellowish to reddish-brown; conscutum broadly ovate and dark to red-brown, covered by punctations of various sizes, cervical and lateral grooves deep, extending two-thirds of conscutum, a smooth area separates posteromedian groove from parma, paramedian grooves well defined and obliquely oriented, central festoon or parma large and rectangular, with four distinct festoons, large punctations sparse, concentrated in caudal and lateral fields, small punctations moderately dense; eyes large and bulging; capitulum long, basis capituli subrectangular, lateral projections short dorsally and absent ventrally, dorsal posterior margin slightly concave, cornua inconspicuous, palpi slightly longer than clavate hypostome, dental formula 3/3; legs long, cylindrical and stout, with ivory bands of enameling encircling distal portion of each segment, partial or complete dorsal stripe along segments, spurs of coxae I long and subequal in length, external spurs of coxae II–IV broadly arcuate and distinct, coxae II and III with broadly arcuate and moderately developed internal spurs, coxa IV with distinct, triangular internal spur; three pairs of ventral plates, adanal plates large and broad, with concave anteromedian margin and slightly convex lateral margin, posterior margin convex and posteromedian region concave, subanal plates asymmetrically oval and medium-sized, accessory plates medium-sized, somewhat separate from adanal plates, genital aperture subcircular, situated anterior to coxae II, spiracular plate round, dorsal prolongation short, perforated region straight and triangular, circumspiracular setae sparsely distributed.</p><p>Female (Fig. 30, C–D): Body ovoid, approximately 8.42± 0.2 mm long and 5.02± 0.1 mm wide, widest at level of coxae III, dark to reddish-brown; scutum chiefly red-brown, slightly longer than broad, cervical grooves deep, extending to posterior scutal margin, large and medium-sized punctations sparse and evenly distributed, posterolateral margins prominently angled; eyes large and bulging; capitulum long and stout, dorsal posterior margin of basis capituli slightly concave, with short posterolateral projections, inconspicuous cornua, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; legs long, with bands of ivory enameling as in male, coxa I with long, subequal internal and external spurs, coxae II–IV with distinct, broadly triangular, apically rounded external spurs, broadly arcuate internal spurs; genital aperture wide, deep and broadly U-shaped; spiracular plates ovoid, with short, broad and slightly curved dorsal prolongation, circumspiracular setae sparse.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF4FFE600A227C936B9FF6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF5FFE500A220C937A7FE6F.text	FE5387F7FFF5FFE500A220C937A7FE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma scupense Schulze 1919	<div><p>Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This tick has been reported in several regions of the country: Balochistan, Punjab, KP (McCarthy 1967; Kasi et al. 2020; Ghafar et al. 2020b; Alam et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024), northern areas (Begum et al. 1970b), and Gilgit Baltistan (Karim et al. 2017).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 31, A–D): Body broadly oval, approximately 4.10± 0.2 mm long and 2.44± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum broadly oval, widest at midlength, outline of conscutum nearly squarish posteriorly, red-brown to blackish, lateral and cervical grooves shallow, extending to eye region, punctations medium to large, the latter sparsely distributed in the central, lateral and anterior fields, posteromedian groove furrow-like, paramedian grooves clearly defined, parma dome-shaped, with four well-defined festoons; eyes large and bulging; capitulum long, basis capituli lacking lateral projections, dorsal posterior margin concave, cornua moderately developed, hypostome clavate, shorter than palpi, dental formula 3/3; legs long and stout, uniformly brown or with ivory stripes dorsally, external spur of coxa I slightly longer than internal spur, both spurs closely appressed and with pointed apices, external spurs of coxae II–IV triangular with rounded apices, coxae II and III with broadly arcuate internal spurs, internal spur of coxa IV distinct and triangular; three pairs of well-developed ventral plates, adanal plates long and broad, with slightly convex lateral margins, anteromedian margins concave, posteromedian margins straight, posterior margins slightly convex, subanal plates medium-sized and aligned longitudinally, accessory plates large and close to adanal plates; genital aperture as illustrated in figure (Fig. 31D), situated between coxae II; spiracular plates with long dorsal prolongation, perforated portion straight, broad and tapering toward curved apex, setae around spiracular plates sparse.</p><p>Female (Fig. 31, E–H): Body broadly oval, approximately 5.05± 0.2 mm long and 3.44± 0.1 mm wide; scutum somewhat broader than long, red-brown, posterolateral angles slightly developed, posterior scutal margin rounded, cervical grooves shallow, extending to posterior scutal margin, punctations deep but sparse; eyes large and bulging; capitulum long, lateral projections of basis capituli short dorsally and barely visible ventrally, dorsal posterior margin of basis capituli slightly concave with inconspicuous cornua, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; legs long, colouration similar to that of male, coxa I with long external and internal spurs, subequal in length, external spurs of coxae II–IV distinct, broadly triangular, with rounded apices, internal spurs broadly arcuate; posterior lip of genital aperture wide, deep, and V-shaped; dorsal prolongation of spiracular plate broad, curved and tapering apically, setae in spiracular area sparse.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF5FFE500A220C937A7FE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF6FFE500A220AC37AAF842.text	FE5387F7FFF6FFE500A220AC37AAF842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantzev 1946	<div><p>Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been found in Punjab, Balochistan and KP (Kaiser &amp; Hoogstraal 1964; McCarthy 1967; Majid et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 32,A–D): Body elongate-oval, approximately 4.47± 0.2 mm long and 2.34± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum dark, with numerous small punctations, cervical grooves shallow, extending to one-third scutal length, lateral grooves long, extending to eyes, posteromedian and paramedian grooves shallow and superficial, parma absent, five clearly defined festoons; eyes large and bulging, in sockets; capitulum long, basis capituli subrectangular, dorsal posterior margin concave, posterolateral projections absent, cornua minute, palpi longer than clavate hypostome, dental formula 3/3; legs long, with bands of ivory enameling encircling distal portions of each segment and moderate ivory enamel spots at proximal ends, coxa I with long and subequal external and internal spurs; adanal plates long and truncated posteriorly, aligned with subanal plates, subanal plates minute, accessory plates long and adjacent to subanal plates; genital aperture situated between coxae II, subcircular in shape; perforated portion of spiracular plates narrow and curved at dorsal prolongation, spiracular plates surrounded by numerous setae.</p><p>Female (Fig. 32, E–H): Body broadly oval, approximately 6.10± 0.2 mm long and 3.04± 0.1 mm wide; scutum dark and densely covered by medium-sized punctations, posterior scutal margin distinctly sinuous, cervical groves moderately deep, reaching posterior scutal margin; eyes large and socketed; capitulum long and stout, basis capituli with posterior dorsal margin straight or slightly concave, posterolateral margins short, cornua minute, palpi and hypostome as in male, dental formula 3/3; legs long with ivory bands encircling distal end of each segment, all coxal spurs as in male; posterior lip of genital aperture broadly U-shaped; spiracular plates surrounded by dense setae, perforated portion of dorsal prolongation narrow.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF6FFE500A220AC37AAF842	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF7FFE400A2277C34DBFBD1.text	FE5387F7FFF7FFE400A2277C34DBFBD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes	<div><p>Genus Ixodes</p><p>Four species of the genus Ixodes have been reported infesting rodents and small ruminants in Pakistan’s northern areas. These species are Ixodes hyatti Clifford, Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1971, Ixodes kashmiricus Pomerantzev, 1948, Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev, 1927, and Ixodes stromi Filippova, 1957 (Fig. 33) (McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970a, b; Clifford et al. 1971; Numan et al. 2022, 2023; Hussain et al. 2023; Guglielmone et al. 2023). This tick survey yielded only I. kashmiricus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF7FFE400A2277C34DBFBD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A2249636B2FC53.text	FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A2249636B2FC53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes kashmiricus Pomerantzev 1948	<div><p>Ixodes kashmiricus Pomerantzev, 1948</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been reported infesting goats and sheep in Shangla District, KP and Murree District, Punjab (Numan et al. 2022, 2023; Hussain et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 34, A–D): Body elongate, approximately 2.40± 0.1 mm long and 1.31± 0.08 mm wide; conscutum reddish-black and broadly oval, small punctations uniformly distributed over the anterior and central portions of the conscutum, large punctations sparse, conscutum with long setae, the longest located laterally, lateral grooves absent, cervical grooves short and small; capitulum short, basis capituli with small, indistinct cornua, ventral posterior margin rounded, dorsal posterior margin of basis capituli straight, palpi longer than hypostome, hypostome clavate, dental formula 3/3; legs long, uniformly dark brown, coxa I with long, pointed internal spur and very short, minute external spur, coxae II–IV with broadly triangular and rounded internal spurs, external spurs distinct, pointed and arcuate; genital aperture situated between coxae III; spiracular plates relatively small, rounded oval and elongated longitudinally.</p><p>Female (Fig. 34, E–H): Body approximately 4.08± 0.2 mm long and 2.49± 0.1 mm wide; scutum broadly ovate, with large, deep, irregularly distributed punctations in the posteromedian area and laterally, posterior and lateral margins rounded; capitulum long compared to male, basis capituli subrectangular with widely spaced and large porose areas, posterior margin of basis capituli straight, lacking lateral projections, palpi longer than hypostome, hypostome clavate, dental formula 3/3; legs long, as in male, with same uniformly dark brown coloration, coxa I with long, pointed internal spur and very short external spur, internal spurs of coxae II–IV broadly triangular with rounded apices, external spurs distinct, pointed and arcuate; genital aperture situated between coxae IV, with very wide posterior lip; spiracular plates oval, without dorsal prolongation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A2249636B2FC53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A223123749F85C.text	FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A223123749F85C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nosomma Schulze 1919	<div><p>Genus Nosomma</p><p>Nosomma is represented in Pakistan by a single species, Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton, 1908), which infests Asian buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). In a previous study, this species was reported in Haripur District, KP, northern Pakistan (Fig. 35) (Aiman et al. 2022). Morphological identification of the current tick collection revealed the presence of N. monstrosum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF0FFE300A223123749F85C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF1FFE100A220833023FF6B.text	FE5387F7FFF1FFE100A220833023FF6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton 1908)	<div><p>Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton, 1908)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species was first reported in Pakistan on Asian water buffaloes in Haripur District, KP (Aiman et al. 2022).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 36, A–D): Body rounded, approximately 4.38± 0.2 mm long and 3.08± 0.1 mm wide; conscutum nearly circular, widest at midlength, anteriorly narrow, cervical grooves short and deep anteriorly, median groove faint, posteromedian grooves diverge posteriorly into wide depression between festoons 2 and 4, lateral grooves broad and shallow, extending from first festoon to vicinity of eyes, scutum arcuate, pseudoscutal groove behind eyes, punctations variable in size, larger on festoons and grooves, smaller near scapulae; eyes flat; basis capituli rectangular, 2.2 times wider than long, posterior margin slightly concave, with well-defined cornua, palpi short and broad, segments distinctly angular in profile, hypostome shorter than palpi, dental formula 3/3; legs large and robust, each coxa with a pair of spurs, coxa I with broad internal spur, narrow and longer external spur, coxae II–IV with variably sized internal and external spurs, coxa IV with largest internal spur; genital aperture subcircular, located between coxae II; spiracular plates comma-shaped, dorsal prolongation short and broad.</p><p>Female (Fig. 36, E–H): Body approximately 4.21± 0.2 mm long and 2.59± 0.1 mm wide, dark brown to blackish, idiosoma densely covered by moderately long, thick white setae; scutum broader than long, posterolateral margins distinctly sinuous, cervical grooves deep and converging posteriorly, then becoming shallow and diverging, punctations variable in size, posteromedian and paramedian grooves deep, marginal grooves beginning at posterior margin of scutum and enclosing first festoon; eyes flat; capitulum short and stout, basis capituli twice as wide as long, posterior margin straight with broadly rounded cornua, porose areas longitudinally ovoid and closely spaced, palpi short and broad, hypostome slightly shorter than palpi, bearing scale-like teeth, dental formula 3/3; legs robust and stout, internal spur of coxa I broad, external spur narrow but same length; genital aperture cup-like, its posterior lip U-shaped, positioned between coxae II; spiracular plates subtriangular, dorsal prolongation very short.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF1FFE100A220833023FF6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF2FFE000A227E03672FF6B.text	FE5387F7FFF2FFE000A227E03672FF6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus Koch 1844	<div><p>Genus Rhipicephalus</p><p>Rhipicephalus spp. are distributed in all regions of Pakistan. Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) is the most frequently reported tick species at all localities. Five Rhipicephalus species have been found to infest various vertebrate hosts in Pakistan: Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say, 1821), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino, 1897, Rh. microplus, Rhipicephalus ramachandrai Dhanda, 1966, and Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev, 1940 (Fig. 37) (McCarthy 1967; Begum et al. 1970b; Siddiqi &amp; Jan 1986; Karim et al. 2017; Rehman et al. 2017; Cabezas-Cruz et al. 2019; Kasi et al. 2020; Ghafar et al. 2020b; Kamran et al. 2021; Ali et al. 2021, 2022, 2023b, c,; Khan Z et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Zeb et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024). This survey revealed the presence of two Rhipicephalus species: Rh. haemaphysaloides and Rh. microplus . Additionally, Rh. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) has been reported in several previous Pakistan studies (Cabezas-Cruz et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2019, 2021, 2022a; Alam et al. 2022; Khan Z. et al 2022; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023). However, in their analysis of the geographical distribution of the hard ticks of the world, Guglielmone et al. (2023) do not list Rh. sanguineus as a species that occurs in Pakistan, pointing out that there are many populations of Rh. sanguineus sensu lato worldwide, some of which surely belong to Rh. sanguineus sensu stricto, as defined by Nava et al. (2018), whose molecular data will be essential to diagnosing these populations. In an attempt to confirm the presence of Rh. sanguineus, extensive sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on several mitochondrial genes, which revealed that our species exactly matches an undetermined species that was categorized as Rhipicephalus sp. III by Dantas-Torres et al. (2013), whose sequences closely match Rhipicephalus sp. III from our study, with 99.9% identity for 12S rRNA and 100% for 16S rRNA. However, an evaluation of sp. III’s phylogenetic status shows a separate clade distinct from R. turanicus and Rh. sanguineus . In Pakistan Rh. turanicus has been recorded from hosts in KP (Ali et al. 2019, 2021, 2022a; Khan Z. et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Ali et al. 2023b; Khan M et al. 2023; Ullah S et al. 2024), Balochistan (Kasi et al. 2020), Punjab (Rehman et al. 2017; Hussain et al. 2023), Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (McCarthy 1967; Karim et al. 2017). Again, however, Guglielmone et al. (2023) do not list Rh. turanicus as a species that occurs in Pakistan, noting that this species is taxonomically complex, and that one lineage, named Rh. turanicus sensu stricto by Bakkes et al. (2020), was described from two specimens collected on a dog at an unknown location in Central Asia, whereas Filippova (2008) stated that the type host of Rh. turanicus is Ovis aries (sheep) and the type locality is Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Clearly, morphological and molecular data from the type host at the type locality will be needed before any definitive statement can be made concerning the distribution of Rh. turanicus outside Uzbekistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF2FFE000A227E03672FF6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFF3FFE000A227EC31C6F811.text	FE5387F7FFF3FFE000A227EC31C6F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino 1897	<div><p>Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino, 1897</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been reported in Sindh, Balochistan (McCarthy 1967; Kamran et al. 2021), Punjab (Hussain et al. 2023; Abbas et al. 2025), KP (Ali et al. 2019, 2021, 2022a, b, c; Khan Z et al. 2022; Alam et al. 2022; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023), and Gilgit Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Karim et al. 2017).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 38, A–D): A medium-sized tick, approximately 3.23± 0.2 mm long and 1.68± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown or dark red in colour; conscutum narrow anteriorly, posteriorly broadly rounded, lateral grooves punctate, deep, almost reaching eyes, and posteriorly enclosing first two festoons; posteromedian groove broad, long and deep, anteriorly reaching bulbous depression; paramedian grooves short, shallow and comma-shaped; cervical grooves short and deep, converging posteriorly; conscutum smooth, with medium-sized, shallow punctations that are scattered and sparse; eyes marginal and flattened; capitulum slightly longer than wide, basis capituli hexagonal, posterior margin deeply concave and arcuate, cornua pointed, lateral margins of basis capituli highly projected; palpi stout, nearly equal in size to hypostome; hypostome clavate, dental formula 3/3; legs medium-sized, same colour as body, striations absent; coxa I with two subequal spurs, internal spur subtriangular, longer than external spur, coxae II–IV external spurs distinct and slightly arcuate, internal spurs very short and broadly subtriangular; adanal plates sickle-shaped and posteriorly pointed, accessory plates very weak, adjacent to adanal plates; genital aperture subcircular, located between coxae II; spiracular plates distinctly comma-shaped, dorsal prolongation broad.</p><p>Female (Fig. 38, E–H): Body approximately 2.78± 0.2 mm long and 1.57± 0.1 mm wide, reddish brown to dark red in colour; scutum nearly as wide as long, with sinuous posterior margin; cervical grooves short, converging posteriorly; laterally, scutum with a few large, irregular punctations, central region impunctate; capitulum broader than long, lateral margins of basis capituli curved, posterior margin nearly straight, cornua less sharply pointed; palpi and hypostome same as in male, dental formula 3/3; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture narrowly U-shaped; spiracular plates comma-shaped, dorsal prolongation broad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFF3FFE000A227EC31C6F811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
FE5387F7FFFCFFEF00A227C03192F875.text	FE5387F7FFFCFFEF00A227C03192F875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini 1888)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This tick has been reported from Sindh, KP, Balochistan, Punjab, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (McCarthy 1967; Siddiqi &amp; Jan 1986; Karim et al. 2017; Rehman et al. 2017; Zeb et al. 2019, 2022; Ali et al. 2019, 2021–22a, 2023b, c; Nasreen et al. 2020; Kasi et al. 2020; Ghafar et al. 2020b; Kamran et al. 2021; Khan Z. et al. 2022, 2024; Alam et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023).</p><p>Morphological characters</p><p>Male (Fig. 39, A–D): Body small and elongate, approximately 1.98± 0.1 mm long and 1.00± 0.07 mm wide, yellowish to dark brown in colour; conscutum narrow and covered with long setae, scapulae robust and pointed, with subtriangular ends, cervical grooves shallow and broad, posteromedian groove deep and extending one-third length of conscutum, paramedian grooves short, festoons absent, short caudal appendage present; eyes inconspicuous; capitulum very short, basis capituli subhexagonal, posterior margin straight, with short, blunt, triangular cornua, palpi and hypostome nearly equal in length, hypostomal dental formula 4/4; legs moderately long and pale in colour, with dense setae; coxa I with two equal spurs, internal spur blunt, external spur pointed and cylindrical, coxae II–III with rounded internal and external spurs, coxa IV lacking prominent spurs; adanal plates long, terminating posteriorly in a single sharp point, accessory plates long, also terminating posteriorly in a single point; genital aperture cordiform, situated between and slightly anterior to coxae II; spiracular plates broadly oval to subcircular.</p><p>Female (Fig. 39, E–H): Body approximately 2.43± 0.1 mm long and 1.26± 0.08 mm wide; scutum elongate oval, narrowing posteriorly, longer than wide, posterolateral margins straight or mildly sinuous, cervical grooves broad and shallow, scutum densely covered by long setae; eyes flat and yellowish in colour; capitulum short, basis capituli subhexagonal, with slightly convex posterior margin and weakly developed cornua, porose areas moderate in size, oval, and separated by less than their width, palpi and hypostome short, as in male, hypostomal dental formula 4/4; legs medium-sized and pale in colour, with numerous setae, coxa I with distinct broadly rounded spurs, external spur more prominent and wider than internal spur, coxae II and III with rounded external spurs, coxa IV with less developed external spur; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture broadly U-shaped; spiracular plates broadly oval to subcircular, dorsal prolongation short.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5387F7FFFCFFEF00A227C03192F875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ali, Abid;Almutairi, Mashal M.;Robbins, Richard G.;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Ullah, Shafi	Ali, Abid, Almutairi, Mashal M., Robbins, Richard G., Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Ullah, Shafi (2025): Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan. Zootaxa 5725 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.1
