Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Plate 6 J 1 -J 2

* Bulla lignaria Linnaeus 1758: 727 .

Scaphander targionius Risso 1826: 51, pl. 2, fig. 13.

Bulla lignaria Linn. —S.V. Wood 1848: 173, pl. 21, fig. 8.

Scaphander Grateloupi d’O.—Bronn in Reiss 1862: 34 [non Bulla grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 = Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)].

Bulla lignaria Linné — Mayer 1864: 59.

Scaphander lignaria Linné. — Nyst 1878, pl. 7, fig. 23. 1882 Scaphander lignaria Linné. —Nyst: 137.

Scaphander lignarius L.— Sacco 1897: 43, pl. 3, figs. 94, 95.

Scaphander lignarius var. targionia (Risso) — Sacco 1897: 43, pl. 3, figs. 96-99.

Scaphander lignarius var. parvulina Sacco 1897: 44, pl. 3, figs. 100-101.

Scaphander lignarius L.— Cerulli-Irelli 1910: 227, pl. 35, figs. 1-7.

Scaphander lignarius (Linné) —Harmer 1923: 806, pl. 63, figs. 14, 15.

Scaphander grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 — Brébion 1964: 658, pl. 15, fig. 40 [non Michelotti, 1847; = Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)].

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) —van Regteren Altena et al. 1964: 7, pl. 22, fig. 210.

Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Malatesta 1974: 447, pl. 23, fig. 17.

Scaphander lignarius (L., 1758)— Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 170, fig. 491.

Scaphander lignarius (Brocchi) [sic]— Ruiz Muñoz et al. 1997: 188, pl. 41, figs. 12, 13.

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Marquet 1997b: 116, pl. 11, fig. 6.

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Marquet 1998b: 221, fig. 194.

Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli & Richard 2008: 81, pl. 16, fig. 6.

Scaphander lignarius var. parvulina Sacco, 1897 [sic]— Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 55, 69, unnumbered fig. middle row left.

Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli & Linse 2011: 219, pl. 86, fig. 6.

Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli 2013: 45, pl. 10, figs. 17-21.

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2013: 43, pl. 23, fig. 15.

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Eilertsen & Malaquias 2013: 405, fig. 3/1-4 (cum syn; extant literature).

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Ceulemans et al. 2018: 126, pl. 7, fig. 13.

Scaphander lignarius parvulina (Sacco, 1897) [sic]— Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 120, fig. 535.

non Scaphander lignarius Linné — Dollfus et al. 1903: 22, pl. 36, figs. 13, 14.

non Scaphander lignarius L.—Friedberg 1928: 546, pl. 36, figs. 3-4 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius lignarius (Linnaeus) — Berger 1953: 113, pl. 21, figs. 104-105 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander lignarius L.— Strausz 1954: 38, 82, 116, pl. 9, fig. 166 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander lignarius Linnaeus, 1766 — Moisescu 1955: 176, pl. 15, fig. 7 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander lignarius Linné, 1766 — Strausz 1966: 477, pl. 75, figs. 7, 8 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander lignarius Linnaeus — Bałuk 1970: 119, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius lignarius (Linné) — Schultz 1998: 76, pl. 31, fig. 10 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

non Bulla lignaria Linn. —Hörnes 1856: 616, pl. 50, fig. 1 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)].

Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 27 mm, width 15.5 mm. Internal mould from LNEG collection (unnumbered), locality unknow, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Lower Pliocene.

Discussion. We confirm this record from the Lower Pliocene of Santa Maria, based on an internal mould present in LNEG collection. Bronn in Mayer (1862) identified the specimens as Scaphander grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 [= Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)]. That species from the Atlantic Lower Miocene Aquitanian and Burdigalian of the Aquitaine Basin, France and late Burdigalian-Langhian of the North Sea Basin is smaller, more fragile than S. lignarius, and the aperture does not rise above the apex, but most notably it has punctuated striations, which in Scaphander grateloupi are broader, the rounded punctations larger, widening the grooves (Ceulemans et al. 2018). The Middle and Upper Miocene form represents S. dertonensis (Sacco, 1897) which differs from S. lignarius in being a thicker shell, in having a more conical shape, the aperture is narrower and less expanded anteriorly, the spiral grooves on the last whorl are more widely spaced, the outer lip rises further above the apex adapically, and the columellar callus is a little thicker (Landau et al. 2013: 335). It is difficult to decide based on an internal mould, as the surface sculpture is not preserved, but the shape of the Azorean mould suggests that it represents S. lignarius .

Distribution. Lower Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Coralline Crag, England (S.V. Wood 1848; Harmer 1923), Kattendijk Formation, Belgium (Marquet 1997b, 1998b); Atlantic, NW France (Brébion 1964; Ceulemans et al. 2018), Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864), Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (Ruiz Muñoz et al. 1997; Landau et al. 2011); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1897; Chirli 2013; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Upper Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Red Crag, England (S.V. Wood 1848; Harmer 1923), Oorderen Sands Formation, Belgium (Marquet 1997b, 1998b); western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (NHMW collection), southern France (Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1897; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010). Pliocene (indeterminate): North Sea Basin, Netherlands (van Regteren Altena et al. 1964). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene: Atlantic, northwestern France (Brébion 1964). Lower Pleistocene: central Mediterranean, Italy (Cerulli-Irelli 1910); eastern Mediterranean, Rhodes Island (Chirli & Linse 2011). Pleistocene: Atlantic, England, Ireland (Harmer 1923); central Mediterranean, Italy (Malatesta, 1960). Present-day: Iceland, Scandinavia, British Isles, northeastern Atlantic frontage to Portugal, Mediterranean, NW Africa and Canary Islands (T.E. Thompson, 1988).