Laboulbenia inflata Thaxt.

MB#220293

Fig. 35A

Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 27: 41 (Thaxter 1892). –

Type: “ On Bradycellus rupestris Say, South Dakota (Aldrich)”; FH. [USA]

Diagnostic features

Dioecious. Male thallus consisting of seven superposed cells, with the three distal septa brown and constricted, and the apical cell functioning as an antheridium (Fig. 35A, arrow). Female thallus with a small, oval cell V, not connected with cell III, half as long or shorter as cell IV. Outer appendage unbranched, including an inflated basal cell supporting about four cells separated by black and constricted septa. Inner appendage consisting of 2–3 branches with lower cells similar to those of the outer appendage. [Detailed descriptions: Thaxter 1896; Majewski 1994b; Santamaria 1998]

Distribution and hosts

Infects Col. Carabidae of the genus Acupalpus in a broad sense (including Stenolophus) and Bradycellus . Known from Europe: Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, Greece (Majewski 2008), Belgium (De Kesel 1998), Switzerland (Hoess & Senn-Irlet 2009), Denmark (Høier 2009), Sweden (Huggert 2010), the Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014), Bulgaria (Rossi et al. 2019a), and Hungary (Rossi & Christian 2020); America: USA (Thaxter 1892), Brazil (Balazuc 1974c), and the Galapagos Archipelago (Arndt & Desender 2002). The record of L. acupalpi (now L. stenolophi) from South Korea should belong here (Majewski 2008).

Collections examined from Denmark

On Acupalpus dubius Schilsky, 1888 (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Flyndersø ved Dybesø; 55°58.151′ N, 11°45.621′ E; PH60; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 715; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123207. – Sydjylland (SJ) • Lakolk; 55°8.325′ N, 8°29.618′ E; MG61; 21 May 2017; JP 422; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122907 .

On Acupalpus exiguus Dejean, 1829 (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 833; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123327 • Vest for Bandholm; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1313; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123848 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Lyngen ved Ølstykke; 55°47.738′ N, 12°10.253′ E; UB28; 15 May 2013; JP 864; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123360 • Nord for Risø; 55°42.184′ N, 12°6.692′ E; UB17; 14 Dec. 2013; R. Aagaard Jensen 630; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123119 • Ryegård Dyrehave; 55°40.500′ N, 11°50.851′ E; PG77; 2 Dec. 2014; JP 346; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122828 • Stampeskov ved Rådvad; 55°48.332′ N, 12°33.138′ E; UB48; 28 Feb. 2017; H. Liljehult 359; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122842 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Nord for Landting ved Vinderup; 56°30.049′ N, 8°45.384′ E; MH86; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 569; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123055 • Vest for Vinderup; 56°28.727′ N, 8°44.810′ E; MH85; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 775; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123270 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Bognaes Skov på Tuse Naes; 55°44.966′ N, 11°45.817′ E; PG78; 10 Dec. 2013; JP 882; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123380 • Flyndersø ved Dybesø; 55°58.151′ N, 11°45.621′ E; PH60; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 716; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123208 • Vesterlyng; 55°44.195′ N, 11°17.276′ E; PG47; 9 Feb. 2014; JP 637; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123126. – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Denderup Sø i Denderup Vaenge; 55°15.075′ N, 11°57.366′ E; PG82; 5 May 2016; JP 492; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122976 • Østerskov ved Langebaek; 54°59.572′ N, 12°6.715′ E; UA19; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1281; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123812 • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 963; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123470 .

On Acupalpus flavicollis (Sturm, 1825) (Col. Carabidae) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Nyord; 55°2.885′ N, 12°12.380′ E; UB20; 27 Apr. 2013; JP 834; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123328 • Vest for Bandholm; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1315; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123851 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Asserbo Plantage; 56°1.984′ N, 12°0.817′ E; UC11; 28 Apr. 2019; JP 1457; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124008 • Gentofte; 55°44.005′ N, 12°33.020′ E; UB47; 28 May 2018; A.A. Illum 1115; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123635 • Lyngen ved Ølstykke; 55°47.738′ N, 12°10.253′ E; UB28; 15 May 2013; JP 863; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123359 • Syd for Løjesø i Rude Skov; 55°49.866′ N, 12°28.551′ E; UB49; 12 Apr. 2018; JP 1028; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123539 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Eriksminde syd for Korshage; 55°57.744′ N, 11°46.504′ E; PH70; 27 Oct. 2019; JP 1536; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124295. – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Krobaek i Sjolte Skov; 55°10.772′ N, 12°0.863′ E; UB11; 28 Feb. 2015; JP 447; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122932 • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 964; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123471 .

Remarks

Santamaria (1996b) studied this species and suggested its dioecious nature arguing that diminutive thalli attached at the foot with thalli bearing perithecia were males, with the uppermost cell functioning as a simple, solitary, flask-shaped phialide. The presence of diminutive thalli paired to thalli bearing a perithecium but lacking antheridia was reported in other species of Laboulbenia, a few of which are found in Europe (Rossi & Santamaria 2008). Haelewaters et al. (2019b) cast doubts on this statement but De Kesel et al. (2020) accept the dioecy since their drawings highlight it.