Clethrionomys rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846) . Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm, 3:122.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Lappmark .

DISTRIBUTION: N Palearctic from Scandinavia through Siberia to Kamchatka, Russia, south to S Ural Mtns, the Altai Mtns, Mongolia, Transbaikal, N China (Xinjiang and Heilongjiang), Korea, and N Japan (Hokkaido and Rishiri Isis) (see Aimi, 1980; Corbet, 1978c; Henttonen and Viitala, 1982; Kaneko, 1992; and Ma et al., 1987).

SYNONYMS: akkeshii, arsenjevi, bargusinensis, bedfordiae, bromleyi, irkutensis, kamtschaticus, kolymensis, kurilensis, latastei, montanus, rex, siberica, wosnessenskii, yesomontanus .

COMMENTS: European populations reviewed by Henttonen and Viitala (1982). Morphological discrimination of C. rufocanus and Eothenomys regulus and their geographic distributions in the former USSR, NE China, and Korea assessed by Kaneko (1990). Variation in morphology of upper third molar in context of systematic, age, and seasonal significance was reported by Abe (1982). Chromosomal data suggest the need to re-evaluate the specific status of montanus and bedfordiae (see Kashiwabara and Onoyama, 1988). Allocation of synonyms follows Aimi (1980), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).