Key to Oxypilinae

(after Beier 1934, Roy & Svenson 2007, Roy 2013, and Svenson et al. 2015, modified); Bornean members are keyed out to species level.

1. Pronotum with 3–4 pairs of conical or spine-like tubercles; dilated part of femur about half as wide as non-dilated part; pos- tero-ventral margin of fore femur not or very slightly denticulate (tribus Oxypilini)................................. 2

- Pronotum smooth or slightly tuberculate, but never with conical or spine-like tubercles; dilated part of femur about as wide as non-dilated part; postero-ventral margin of fore femur distinctly denticulate (tribus Hestiasulini).......................7

2. Prozona with two pairs of conical or spine-like tubercles (Afrotropical)...........................................3

- Prozona with one pair of spine-like tubercles (Oriental).......................................................4

3. Walking leg femora without lobes; females apterous................................. Oxypilus Audinet-Serville, 1831

- Ventral lamina of walking leg femora produced into 3 small lobes; females brachypterous..................................................................................................... Junodia Schulthess-Rechberg, 1899

4. Metazona with two spine-like processes; process on the vertex long (over 75% width of head), bifid, with two pairs of smaller lateral processes; frontal shield with a median keel (genus Ceratomantis Wood-Mason, 1876).........................5

- Metazona with four spine-like processes, one paramedian and one lateral set; process on vertex short (less than 25% width of head), simple; frontal shield with two flattened, paramedian keels (genus Pachymantis Saussure, 1871).................6

5. Anterior side of fore coxa with a black median stripe extending from base to apex. Pronotum short, about 1.2 times as long as wide.......................................................................... C. kimberlae Svenson, 2007

- Anterior side of fore coxa with a subapical black spot only; pronotum longer, about 1.4 times as long as wide............................................................................................... C. gigliotosi Roy, 2007

6. Anterior side of fore coxa yellowish-brown with black apex and two large round spots; antero-ventral side of fore trochanter black; dilated part of fore femur black, ventral part reddish-brown............................ P. maculicoxa Roy, 2013

- Anterior side of fore coxa yellowish-brown at base, then largely black; antero-ventral side of fore trochanter yellowish-brown; anterior side of fore femur totally black.................................................. P. piceifemur Roy, 2013

7. Male subgenital plate with styli (Figs 21–22); ventral phallomere with membraneous gap along left margin (Figs 21–22, 45– 50); dorsal lamina of left phallomere not folded longitudinally (Figs 21–22, 45–50); head with a process or tubercle (Figs 1–2, 51–52); ventral side of meso femora without lobe; alae of female hyaline or subhyaline (Fig. 2).......................8

- Male subgenital plate without styli (Figs 24–25, 41); ventral phallomere without membraneous gap along left margin (Figs 26– 28, 42–44); dorsal lamina of left phallomere folded longitudinally (Figs 26, 42–44); head without tubercle (Figs 3–6, 33–34, 53–59); if with tubercle (Fig. 37) then ventral side of meso femora with a proximal lobe; alae of female (where known) subopaque (Figs 4, 6, 33–34, 56)........................................................................... 11

8. Discoidal field of tegmen in both sexes iridescent, without false crossveins, hyaline or very slightly infumate, without dark markings (Figs 8, 51–52); dorsal and ventral laminae of left phallomere fused along left margin (Figs 22, 45–47); apical process missing (Indo-Malayan) (genus Catestiasula Giglio-Tos, 1915).............................................9

- Discoidal field of tegmen in both sexes with false crossveins, slightly infumate to subopaque, with dark markings (Figs 1–2); dorsal and ventral laminae of left phallomere not fused along left margin; apical process broad and short (Figs 21, 48–50) (Indo-Singhalese)....................................................................................10

9. Anterior side of fore femora with only one small whitish spot in the claw groove, distal spots, if present, not clearly white (Figs 17–18)....................................................................... C. moultoni Giglio-Tos, 1915

- Anterior side of fore femora with two to three whitish spots along ventral margin (Figs 19–20).............................................................................................. C. nitida (Brunner d. Wattenwyl, 1893)

10. Process on vertex with pointed apex in both sexes, and with a pair of accessory conical tubercles at base at least in females; paramedian carinae on frontal shield well-developed; denticulation at postero-ventral margin of fore femur heavier; discoidal field of tegmen at most with numerous dark spots.................................... Ephestiasula Giglio-Tos, 1915

- Process on vertex with bifid apex in females (Fig. 2), without accessory conical tubercles at base; paramedian carinae on frontal shield indistinct; denticulation at postero-ventral margin of fore femur fainter; discoidal field of tegmen with darker apex and with a large smoky patch in proximal half (may be indistinct in males).................... Hestiasula Saussure, 1871

11. Vertex with a tubercle (Fig. 37); ventral side of meso femora with a proximal lobe. Fore coxae dichromatic (Fig. 13); dilated part of fore femur less wide than non-dilated part (Figs 13, 39) (genus Pseudohestiasula gen. nov.)..... P. borneana sp. nov.

- Vertex without tubercle (Figs 3–6, 33, 53–59); meso femora without lobes; dilated part of fore femur much wider than nondilated part (Figs 9–12, 16) (genus Astyliasula gen. nov.).....................................................12

12. Both pairs of wings of males with an extensive dark pattern (Figs 3, 57); pronotal ratio of female> 1.25............................................................................................... A. phyllopus (De Haan, 1842)

- Both pairs of wings of males hyaline with dark apices, tegmina with a transverse line of brownish spots, alae with darkened posterior corner (Figs 5, 53); pronotal ratio of female <1.2............................. A. sarawaca (Westwood, 1889)