Genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907

Protohermes van der Weele, 1907: 243 . Type species. Hermes costalis Walker, 1853: 207 (by present designation; see Nomenclatural notes below).

Hermes Gray in Cuvier, 1832: 332. Type species. Chauliodes maculipennis Gray in Cuvier, 1832: 332 (by original designation).

Neurhermes Navás, 1915b: 391 . Type species. Chauliodes maculipennis Gray in Cuvier, 1832: 332 (by monotypy [of Hermes Gray in Cuvier, 1832]).

Allohermes Lestage, 1927: 100. Type species. Protohermes davidi van der Weele, 1909: 254 (by original designation).

Nomenclatural notes

Oswald & Penny (1991) identified Protohermes as a genus name based on a misidentified type species and a name whose type species had yet to be validly fixed. They noted that the case (at that time) required referral to the Commission for type species fixation under Art. 70b of the Code (3 rd edition, ICZN 1985). We are not aware of any nomenclatural acts published since 1991 that have validly fixed the type species of Protohermes under either the 3 rd or 4 th editions of the Code. To resolve this long-standing issue, we act here to formally fix the type species of Protohermes under Art. 70.3 (4 th edition, ICZN 1999) in a manner that is in accordance with long-accepted usage. Van der Weele (1907) originally included five valid nominal species in Protohermes – Hemerobius grandis Thunberg, 1781; Hermes anticus Walker, 1853; Hermes albipennis Walker, 1853; Nevromus montanus McLachlan, 1869; and Nevromus dichrous Brauer, 1878 – and explicitly designated Hermes anticus Walker, 1853 (as “ N. [sic] anticus Wlk. ”) as its type species. Kimmins (1949) presented evidence that the Protohermes anticus of van der Weele (1907) was not conspecific with Hermes anticus Walker, but was, rather, a misidentification of the taxonomic species Hermes costalis Walker, 1853 . Based on this situation Kimmins recommended that “ Hermes anticus Weele 1907 (nec Hermes anticus Walker, 1853) (= Hermes costalis Walker, 1853)” (a nominal species not originally included in Protohermes) be treated as the de facto type species of Protohermes . Kimmins’ proposal has been accepted and adopted by all subsequent workers on the Corydalidae . Accordingly, we here fix (under Art. 70.3.2 of the Code) as the type species of Protohermes the nominal species Hermes costalis Walker, 1853 [the original combination of the current taxonomic species Protohermes costalis (Walker, 1853)], which was misidentified as Hermes anticus Walker, 1853 in the original designation of van der Weele (1907).

Included species

Protohermes acutatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes albipennis (Walker, 1853)

Hermes albipennis Walker, 1853

Corydalis albipennis (Walker, 1853)

Corydalus albipennis (Walker, 1853)

Nevromus albipennis (Walker, 1853)

Oriental (India, Nepal).

Protohermes arunachalensis Ghosh, 1991

Oriental (China, India, Myanmar).

Protohermes assamensis Kimmins, 1949

Oriental (India, Myanmar).

Protohermes axillatus Navás, 1932

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes basimaculatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang 2007 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes bellulus Banks, 1931

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes burmanus Liu & Dvořák, 2017

Oriental (Myanmar).

Protohermes cangyuanensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes cavaleriei Navás, 1925c

Oriental (China).

Protohermes changninganus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes chebalingensis Liu & D. Yang, 2006 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes concolorus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes congruens Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2009 a

Oriental (Nepal).

Protohermes costalis (Walker, 1853)

Hermes costalis Walker, 1853

Corydalis costalis (Walker, 1853)

Corydalus costalis (Walker, 1853)

Protohermes griseus Stitz, 1914

Protohermes costalis (Walker, 1853)

Oriental (China).

Protohermes costatostriatus (van der Weele, 1907)

Hermes costatostriatus van der Weele, 1907 Neurhermes costatostriatus (van der Weele, 1907)

Oriental (India).

Protohermes curvicornis Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013 a

Oriental (China, India, Myanmar).

Protohermes davidi van der Weele, 1909 Allohermes davidi (van der Weele, 1909)

Oriental (China).

Protohermes decemmaculatus (Walker, 1860)

Hermes decemmaculatus Walker, 1860

Nevromus decemmaculatus (Walker, 1860)

Oriental (India).

Protohermes decolor Navás, 1931

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes dichrous (Brauer, 1878)

Nevromus dichrous Brauer, 1878

Hermes dichrous (Brauer, 1878)

Oriental (Indonesia, Malaysia).

Protohermes differentialis (C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1986)

Neurhermes differentialis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1986

Neurhermes guangxiensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1992a

Neurhermes fangchengensis D. Yang in D. Yang et al., 2004

Oriental (China, Vietnam).

Protohermes dimaculatus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes disjunctus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (Japan).

Protohermes dulongjiangensis Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2010b

Oriental (China).

Protohermes festivus Navás, 1932

Oriental (China).

Protohermes flavinervus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2009 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes flavipennis Navás, 1929b

Oriental (China).

Protohermes flinti Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007b

Oriental (Laos).

Protohermes fruhstorferi (van der Weele, 1907) Hermes fruhstorferi van der Weele, 1907

Allohermes fruhstorferi (van der Weele, 1907)

Oriental (China, Vietnam).

Protohermes fujianensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1999

Oriental (China).

Protohermes furcatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008b

Oriental (Thailand).

Protohermes goodgeri Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013b

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes grandis (Thunberg, 1781) Hemerobius grandis Thunberg, 1781 Corydalis grandis (Thunberg, 1781) Corydalus grandis (Thunberg, 1781) Hermes grandis (Thunberg, 1781) Chauliodes grandis (Thunberg, 1781) Nevromus grandis (Thunberg, 1781)

Palaearctic (Japan).

Protohermes guangxiensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1986

Oriental (China, Vietnam).

Protohermes gutianensis D. Yang & C.-K. Yang, 1995

Oriental (China).

Protohermes hainanensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1990

Oriental (China).

Protohermes horni Navás, 1932

Oriental (China).

Protohermes hubeiensis D. Yang & C.-K. Yang, 1992b

Oriental (China).

Protohermes hunanensis D. Yang & C.-K. Yang, 1992a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes immaculatus Kuwayama, 1964

Oriental (Japan).

Protohermes impunctatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008b

Oriental (Myanmar).

Protohermes infectus (McLachlan, 1869) Nevromus infectus McLachlan, 1869

Protohermes anticus var. striolatus Stitz, 1914

Protohermes anticus striolatus Stitz, 1914

Protohermes tibetanus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang in Huang et al., 1988

Neochauliodes anticus striolatus (Stitz, 1914)

Oriental (China, India, Myanmar).

Protohermes ishizukai Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2009b

Oriental (Laos, Vietnam).

Protohermes karubei Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013b

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes latus Liu & D. Yang, 2006b

Oriental (China).

Protohermes lii Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China, Vietnam).

Protohermes maculiferus (Walker, 1853)

Hermes maculiferus maculiferus Walker, 1853

Hermes maculiferus Walker, 1853

Neurhermes maculiferus (Walker, 1853)

Oriental (India).

Protohermes maculipennis (Gray in Cuvier, 1832)

Chauliodes (Hermes) maculipennis Gray in Cuvier, 1832

Chauliodes maculipennis Gray in Cuvier, 1832

Nevromus ruficollis Rambur, 1842

Hermes ruficollis (Rambur, 1842)

Hermes maculipennis (Gray in Cuvier, 1832)

Nevromus maculipennis (Gray in Cuvier, 1832)

Neurhermes maculipennis (Gray in Cuvier, 1832)

Oriental (India (?), Indonesia, Malaysia (?)).

Protohermes montanus (McLachlan, 1869) Nevromus montanus McLachlan, 1869

Oriental (India).

Protohermes motuoensis Liu & D. Yang, 2006b

Oriental (Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan).

Protohermes niger C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes nigerescens (Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2015f) Neurhermes nigerescens Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2015f

Oriental (India).

Protohermes ohli Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013 a

Oriental (India, Myanmar).

Protohermes orientalis Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes owadai Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007c

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes parcus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China).

Protohermes pennyi Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2009 a

Oriental (Nepal).

Protohermes piaoacanus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008b

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes sabahensis Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008c

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes selysi (van der Weele, 1909)

Hermes selysi van der Weele, 1909

Neurhermes bipunctatus C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988 Neurhermes selysi (van der Weele, 1909)

Oriental (Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar).

Protohermes similis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988 Protohermes sichuanensis D. Yang & C.-K. Yang, 1997

Oriental (China).

Protohermes sinensis D. Yang & C.-K. Yang, 1992a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes sinuolatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2009b

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes sonus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013c

Oriental (Myanmar).

Protohermes spectabilis Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008c

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes stangei Liu & Dobosz, 2019

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes stigmosus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes striatulus Navás, 1926 Protohermes basiflavus D. Yang in D. Yang et al., 2004

Oriental (China, Myanmar, Vietnam).

Protohermes sublunatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2013c

Oriental (India).

Protohermes subnubilus Kimmins, 1949 Protohermes tengchongensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China, Myanmar).

Protohermes subparcus Liu & D. Yang, 2006c

Oriental (China).

Protohermes sumatrensis (van der Weele, 1909)

Hermes sumatrensis van der Weele, 1909

Neurhermes sumatrensis (van der Weele, 1909)

Oriental (Indonesia, Malaysia).

Protohermes tenellus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007b

Oriental (Thailand).

Protohermes tonkinensis (van der Weele, 1909)

Hermes maculiferus tonkinensis van der Weele, 1909

Hermes tonkinensis van der Weele, 1909

Hermes maculiferus var. tonkinensis van der Weele, 1909

Neurhermes tonkinensis (van der Weele, 1909)

Oriental (China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam).

Protohermes tortuosus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008c

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes trapezius Li & Liu, 2021

Oriental (China).

Protohermes triangulatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam).

Protohermes uniformis Banks, 1931

Oriental (Malaysia).

Protohermes vitalisi Navás, 1919a

Oriental (Vietnam).

Protohermes walkeri Navás, 1929b

Oriental (India, Nepal, Pakistan).

Protohermes weelei Navás, 1925c

Oriental (China, Laos).

Protohermes wuyishanicus Li & Liu, 2021

Oriental (China).

Protohermes xanthodes Navás, 1914

Protohermes rubidus Stitz, 1914

Protohermes martynovae Vshivkova, 1995

Palaearctic (China, North Korea, Russia, South Korea); Oriental (China).

Protohermes xingshanensis Liu & D. Yang, 2005 a

Oriental (China).

Protohermes yangi Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2007 a

Oriental (China, Laos, Vietnam).

Protohermes yunnanensis C.-K. Yang & D. Yang, 1988

Oriental (China, Vietnam).

Protohermes zhuae Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2008b

Oriental (China).