Key to Parilia species

1a. Carapace prominently elongated (Figs. 1C, 3C); cardiac spine very long (Fig. 3C); lateral margin of carapace entire, smooth (Fig. 3C); frontal lobes rounded (Fig. 3C); lateral processes on distal part of G1 very wide, fan-like (Fig. 8 J–L) (South China Sea, northern Vietnam and Philippines)................................... ........................................................ Parilia ovata Chen, 1984

1b. Carapace globose to subovate; cardiac spine long or short, never strongly elongated; lateral margin of carapace with 1–4 low tubercles, smooth or with small granules; frontal lobes triangular; lateral processes on distal part of G1 flared but not fan-like.....................................................................................2

2a. Carapace transversely subovate, branchial regions prominently swollen laterally and dorsally (Figs. 1A, 3A, 4A); box-like in frontal view (Fig. 4A); frontal region set back such that part of buccal cavity and third maxillipeds visible in dorsal view (Fig. 3A); exopod of third maxilliped in adult very broad, appears foliaceous (Figs. 4B, 5A, C); female sternopleonal cavity with prominent projection between vulvae (Fig. 9B) (Indian Ocean)............................................................... Parilia alcocki Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891

2b. Carapace globose, branchial regions not distinctly swollen laterally and dorsally (Fig. 3B, D); dome-shape in frontal view (Fig. 4C, E); frontal region protruding anteriorly with buccal cavity and third maxillipeds not visible in dorsal view

(Fig. 3B, D); exopod of third maxilliped in adult broad but not foliaceous (Fig. 5D, E, G–I); female sternopleonal cavity without projection between vulvae (Fig. 9D, F)....................3

3a. Lateral margin of carapace smooth (Fig. 3B); outer surface of third maxillipeds smooth or with low, flattened granules (Figs. 4D, 5D, E); surface of ambulatory legs, chelipeds and chela completely smooth (Figs. 1B, 2B, 6B) (western Pacific) ....... ........................................................ Parilia major Sakai, 1961

3b. Lateral margin of carapace lined with small granules (Fig. 3D); outer surface of third maxillipeds distinctly granulated (Figs. 4H, 5 G–I); surface of ambulatory legs, chelipeds and chela with numerous distinct small sharp tubercles and granules (Figs. 1D, 2C, 6D) (eastern Indian Ocean) .............................. ................................................ Parilia pattersoni, new species