Afrotropical Gonatopus Group 7: key to the ♀♀

1. Protarsomere 1 approximately twice as long as 4......................................... G. meridionalis (Benoit)

- Protarsomere 1 as long as, or shorter, or slightly longer than 4................................................. 2

2. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete or slightly distinct and incomplete............................................ 3

- Meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete............................................................ 32

3. Mesoscutum very long, approximately 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 229B).......................... G. longiusculus Olmi

- Mesoscutum shorter, less than 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 207F)................................................ 4

4. Mesoscutum with two lateral pointed prominences (Fig. 207F)................................................. 5

- Mesoscutum without lateral pointed prominences (Fig. 209C)................................................ 17

5. Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae; shortest row extending beyond 0.5 × length of protarsomere 5 (Figs 204E, 212E) 6

- Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae (Fig. 223E) or with two rows (then shortest row not extending beyond 0.5 × length of protarsomere 5) (Fig. 238A)............................................................................ 8

6. Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae beginning in proximal third of protarsomere (Fig. 204E)... G. australis (Ceballos)

- Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae situated in distal half of protarsomere (Figs 212E, 233C)................... 7

7. Larger species (length more than 2.5 mm), with head and mesosoma partly brown (Fig. 217C)......... G. griswoldi Olmi

- Smaller species (length less than 2 mm), completely yellow-testaceous, except petiole black (Fig. 228B)............................................................................ G. minutus Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

8. Frons without longitudinal keels (except frontal line)........................................................ 9

- Frons with numerous longitudinal keels (in addition to frontal line)............................................ 13

9. Subapical tooth of enlarged claw very large (Figs 228A, B); mesoscutum yellow................... G. somerseti (Olmi)

- Subapical tooth of enlarged claw small (Fig. 233A); mesoscutum black or brown or testaceous...................... 10

10. Metapectal propodeal disc unsculptured.................................................................. 11

- Metapectal-propodeal disc granulate or sculptured by longitudinal striae........................................ 12

11. Top of metapectal-propodeal disc with slight median longitudinal furrow......................... G. masoalensis Olmi

- Top of metapectal-propodeal disc without median longitudinal furrow............................... G. benoiti Olmi

12. Head flat........................................................................ G. ankaratrus (Ceballos)

- Head strongly excavated.................................................................. G. capensis Brues

13. Metapectal-propodeal disc completely reticulate rugose; transverse striae on propodeal declivity and occasionally on meso- and metapleuron........................................................................................ 14

- Metapectal-propodeal disc differently sculptured (granulate, or unsculptured, or with longitudinal keels, or punctate)..... 15

14. Proximal half of enlarged claw slender (Fig. 235A)........................................... G. paulyianus Olmi

- Proximal half of enlarged claw very broad (Fig. 223E)............................................ G. macua Olmi

15. Head weakly excavated (Fig. 230H)........................................................ G. pilosipes Brues

- Head distinctly excavated (Fig. 209F).................................................................... 16

16. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured.............................................. G. guigliae (Benoit)

- Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, with numerous longitudinal keels.............................. G. seyrigi (Ceballos)

17. Mesosoma at least partly yellow-testaceous, or testaceous-reddish, occasionally with brown spots.................... 18

- Mesosoma totally or almost totally black................................................................. 27

18. Temple more sticking out (Fig. 239C)................................................................... 19

- Temple less sticking out (Fig. 208C)..................................................................... 22

19. Vertex distinctly excavated............................................................................ 20

- Vertex almost flat.................................................................................... 21

20. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured........................................... G. rubrithorax (Benoit)

- Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate..................................................... G. faustae Olmi

21. Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae (Fig. 233E)............................................ G. mosseli Olmi

- Protarsomere 5 with one row of bristles and one subdistal lamella (Fig. 212F)...................... G. grobbelaari Olmi

22. Body totally yellow-testaceous, or ferruginous, except petiole black............................................ 23

- Body at least partly black, or brown, or dark.............................................................. 26

23. Metapectal-propodeal disc sloping markedly anteriorly (Figs 209B, 230A)...................................... 24

- Metapectal-propodeal disc sloping weakly anteriorly (Fig. 209I).............................................. 25

24. Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae (Fig. 211D); subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated nearer apex (Fig. 211D)............................................................................................ G. ericeti Olmi

- Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae (Fig. 233D); subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated farther from apex (Fig. 233D)........................................................................ G. mirus Olmi & van Harten

25. Metapectal-propodeal disc more slender (Fig. 209H), shiny and unsculptured........................ G. hyalinus Olmi

- Metapectal-propodeal disc less slender (Fig. 209C), dull and granulate.............................. G. faustae Olmi

26. Mesoscutellum and metapectal-propodeal disc black, except apex of propodeal-declivity reddish........... G. ridens Olmi

- Mesoscutellum and metapectal-propodeal disc reddish, or yellow, or testaceous, with black or brown nuances on meso- and metapleuron and occasionally on mesoscutellum.............................................. G. communis Olmi

27. Propodeal declivity not transversely striate................................................................ 28

- Propodeal declivity transversely striate................................................................... 29

28. Head almost flat....................................................................... G. luteipes (Benoit)

- Head distinctly excavated............................................................ G. transvaalensis Olmi

29. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured............................................................ 30

- Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate, or with many slight longitudinal striae................................. 31

30. Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae situated both in proximal and distal half (Fig. 206B)....... G. bekilyanus (Benoit)

- Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae situated in distal half (Fig. 234A)......................... G. natalensis Olmi

31. Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae situated both in proximal and distal half (Fig. 215D).......... G. incognitus Olmi

- Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae situated in distal half (Fig. 238E).................... G. transvaalensis Olmi

32. Temple with strong sharp carina (Fig. 209D).............................................................. 33

- Temple without sharp carina (Fig. 218A)................................................................. 35

33. ropodeal declivity granulate, not transversely striate; mesoscutum very long, about 4 × as long as broad........................................................................ G. chiruanus Olmi, Guglielmino, Natha & Nota Alfredo

- Propodeal declivity transversely striate; mesoscutum shorter, about 2–3 × as long as broad.......................... 34

34. Mesoscutum very long, approximately 2.5–3.0 × as long as broad; temple rugose................ G. leptothorax Ceballos

- Mesoscutum shorter, about twice as long as broad; temple smooth.................................... G. fortis Olmi

35. Mesoscutum very long, approximately 2.5–3.0 × as long as broad............................................. 36

- Mesoscutum shorter, twice or less than twice as long as broad................................................ 37

36. Head almost flat........................................................................ G. omanensis Olmi

- Head deeply excavated (Fig. 218B)........................... G. koebergensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

37. Metapectal-propodeal disc with strong median furrow....................................................... 38

- Metapectal-propodeal disc without strong median furrow, or only with slight track of median furrow.................. 46

38. Metanotum with sides rounded (Fig. 207A)............................................................... 39

- Metanotum with sides rising to either a rounded or a sharp lateral prominence (Fig. 208I).......................... 40

39. Mesoscutum without lateral pointed apophyses (Fig. 207A).................................... G. aethiopicus Olmi

- Mesoscutum with two lateral pointed apophyses (Fig. 229D).................................... G. maritimus Olmi

40. Metanotum about coplanar to mesoscutellum (Fig. 209A).................................................... 41

- Metanotum deeply excavated behind mesoscutellum (Fig. 232B).............................................. 43

41. Metanotum flat (Fig. 209A); mesoscutum very slender, about twice as long as broad (Fig. 208I); mesosoma brown-reddish......................................................................................... G. delvarei Olmi

- Metanotum sloping anteriorly (Fig. 240E); mesoscutum less slender, slightly longer than broad (Fig. 240D)............ 42

42. Enlarged claw with small peg-like setae (Fig. 238C); mesosoma black............................ G. tananarivei Olmi

- Enlarged claw with very large lamellae (Fig. 222C); mesosoma testaceous-reddish................. G. karibibensis Olmi

43. Head almost flat, completely granulate, dull................................................. G. okahandjae Olmi

- Head excavated, unsculptured or partly granulate, shiny..................................................... 44

44. Protarsomere 5 with lamellae situated in distal half (Fig. 204D)................................... G. armatus Olmi

- Protarsomere 5 with lamellae situated in medial and proximal regions (Figs 222A, 236C)........................... 45

45. Head and mesosoma almost totally black....................................................... G. johnsi Olmi

- Head and mesosoma totally testaceous-reddish................................................. G. schierli Olmi

46. Mesopleuron with lateral pointed apophysis (Fig. 240F) or prominence (Fig. 208A)............................... 47

- Mesopleuron without lateral pointed apophysis (Fig. 208E).................................................. 50

47. Mesoscutum with two lateral pointed apophyses (Fig. 208A)................................................. 48

- Mesoscutum without lateral pointed apophyses (Figs 225A, 240F)............................................. 49

48. Mesopleuron with lateral prominence (Fig. 208A)......................................... G. camerounensis Olmi

- Mesopleuron with lateral pointed apophysis (Fig. 213C)............. G. gumovskyi Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

49. Metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured........................................................ G. taylori Olmi

- Metapectal-propodeal disc transversely striate..................... G. harinhalai Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

50. Mesoscutum without lateral pointed apophyses (Fig. 208E).................................................. 51

- Mesoscutum with two lateral pointed apophyses (Fig. 207F).................................................. 58

51. Metanotum not excavated behind mesoscutellum (Fig. 240B)........................ G. shoanus Ponomarenko & Olmi

- Metanotum deeply excavated behind mesoscutellum (Fig. 208F).............................................. 52

52. Protarsomere 5 with apex very long (see fig. 211A).......................................... G. cornutus (Benoit)

- Protarsomere 5 with apex shorter (see figs 211B, 223G)..................................................... 53

53. Enlarged claw without small subapical tooth (Fig. 211B)...................................... G. cuambensis Olmi

- Enlarged claw with small subapical tooth (Fig. 223G)....................................................... 54

54. Mesosoma ferruginous (Figs 228A, 242A)................................................................ 55

- Mesosoma completely or mostly black................................................................... 56

55. Head flat; metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate; subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated nearer apex (Fig. 223G)........................................................................................... G. martellii Olmi

- Head excavated (Fig. 242D); metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured (Fig. 242C); subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated farther from apex (Fig. 241D)............................. G. wikstrandae Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

56. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal declivity granulate, not transversely striate................ G. zambianus Olmi

- Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal declivity granulate and strongly transversely striate....................... 57

57. Protarsomere 5 with one row of lamellae (Fig. 204F)................................................................................................................. G. avontuurensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

- Protarsomere 5 with two rows of lamellae (Fig. 241C)........................................ G. upembanus Olmi

58. Metanotum about coplanar to mesoscutellum (Fig. 207G) or very slightly excavated (Fig. 207H)..................... 59

- Metanotum deeply excavated behind mesoscutellum (Fig. 230D).............................................. 62

59. Metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured.................................................................. 60

- Metapectal-propodeal disc sculptured by many longitudinal striae, or partly smooth and partly rugose................. 61

60. Head and mesosoma yellow-reddish or ferruginous or yellow-testaceous; head shiny, unsculptured........ G. benoiti Olmi

- Head black, except mandible, clypeus, small area between antennal toruli, malar space and narrow stripe near malar space along orbits testaceous; mesosoma brown-black; head dull, granulate.... G. ranomafanensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

61. Enlarged claw with subapical tooth farther from apex (Fig. 236D); lateral pointed apophyses of mesoscutum situated far from mesoscutellum (Fig. 240A)............................................................... G. sensitivus Olmi

- Enlarged claw with subapical tooth close to apex (Fig. 206A); lateral pointed apophyses of mesoscutum situated at the border with mesoscutellum (Fig. 207D)............................................................. G. baginei Olmi

62. Mesosoma completely or almost completely black (in some specimens, apex of propodeal declivity reddish and pronotum partly brown or brown-testaceous)...................................................................... 63

- Mesosoma reddish-dark, or reddish-light, or yellow-reddish, broadly brown, or brown-reddish...................... 69

63. Subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated very near apex (Fig. 234B)........................................... 64

- Subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated very far from apex (Figs 222B, 234F).................................. 65

64. Enlarged claw long, straight and slender (Fig. 234B); metanotum longer (Fig. 230D)......................................................................................... G. nigropictus Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

- Enlarged claw shorter and curved (Fig. 236B); metanotum shorter (Fig. 239F)..................... G. savanensis Olmi

65. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, with granulate................................................ G. operosus Olmi

- Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured, or dull, transversely striate, or sculptured by longitudinal keels......... 66

66. Metanotum with sides protruding; protrusions rounded (Fig. 226C); metapectal-propodeal disc sculptured by many longitudinal striae....................................................... G. kanyawarus Olmi, van Noort & Guglielmino

- Metanotum with sides rounded (metapectal-propodeal disc fusiform) (Fig. 240G); metapectal-propodeal disc completely unsculptured, or sculptured by many transverse or longitudinal striae.............................................. 67

67. Metanotum shorter (Fig. 243A); metapectal-propodeal disc partly sculptured by more or less numerous transverse striae........................................................................................ G. tulearensis Olmi

- Metanotum longer (Fig. 240H); metapectal-propodeal disc completely unsculptured or sculptured by many longitudinal striae.................................................................................................. 68

68. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, completely unsculptured................................ G. trochantericus (Benoit)

- Metapectal-propodeal disc sculptured by many longitudinal keels, granulate or unsculptured among keels......................................................................... G. rugithorax Olmi, Copeland & van Noort, sp. nov.

69. Head flat.............................................................................. G. kolyadai Olmi

- Head excavated..................................................................................... 70

70. Propodeal declivity granulate, not transversely striate, or slightly striate, or striate only near posterior extremity; metapectalpropodeal disc granulate.................................................................. G. patrizii Benoit

- Propodeal declivity distinctly completely transversely striate; metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured, or reticulate rugose, or granulate.......................................................................................... 71

71. Metapectal-propodeal disc unsculptured (or occasionally slightly striate)........................... G. turneri (Benoit)

- Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, reticulate rugose or granulate...................................... G. aestivus Olmi