Uroptychus Henderson, 1888

Diptychus Milne Edwards, 1880: 61 [junior homonym of Diptychus Steindacher, 1866 (Pisces)]. Uroptychus Henderson, 1888: 173 [replacement name for Diptychus A. Milne Edwards, 1880].

Remarks. More than 70 species of Uroptychus are presently known from the Indo­West Pacific, of which only four have been reported from Australia: U. brucei Baba, 1986, from northwestern Australia, U. raymondi Baba, 2000, from Tasmania, and two species described from off Port Jackson, U. australis (Henderson, 1885) and U. gracilimanus (Henderson, 1885) . Twenty­five species are reported herein, of which 20 are also new to science, and two are new Australian records. Under the account of U. yokoyai n. sp., Uroptychus latirostris Yokoya, 1933, described from Japan, is removed from synonymy of U. cavirostris Alcock, 1899, described from the Andaman Sea. Other than U. brucei from the Northwest Shelf, all known Australian species of Uroptychus are present off southern Australia. Therefore, all species reported herein are illustrated and described or diagnosed. A key to all known Australian species is provided.