8. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 Figs 1h, 10

Rapala huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017: 7

Type locality: Godavari (Nepal)

Proposed Common Name: Round-banded Flash

Material Examined: INDIA. Meghalaya. Shillong, 4.iii.1945, leg. R . E. Parsons, MGCL 1201227, Genitalic Vial KW-24-88 (MGCL, 1♂); Khasi Hills, vi.1893, MGCL 1201840 , Genitalic Vial KW-24-95 (MGCL, 1♂) (Fig. 10a); same data, MGCL 1201841, Genitalic Vial KW-24-96 (MGCL, 1♀) (Fig. 10b); same locality, v.1986 (MGCL, 1♂); same locality, 1967 (MGCL, 1♂); Cherrapunji, 10.iv.1942, leg. R . E. Parsons (MGCL, 1♀). Uttarakhand. Nainital (Kumaon), Bhimtal, 24.iii.1983, leg. F. Smetacek (MGCL, 1♂) .

Wingspan: 32–39 mm (Nakamura & Seki 2017).

Diagnosis (Figs 10a, 10b): Rapala huangi can be distinguished from the similar-looking R. nissa by the ventral postdiscal band on the forewing, which is noticeably curved outward rather than curved inward or straight. However, accurate identification requires a genitalia analysis, where the aedeagus bears a vesica laterally extending on both sides and sclerotized cornuti shaped like a pair of sharp claws, similar to those in R. selira but much thinner (Nakamura & Seki 2017). In females, the distal end of the ductus bursae is only slightly wider than the proximal part (Nakamura & Seki 2019).

Male Genitalia (Figs 10c–10e): Aedeagus with a rounded vesica that extends to both sides and has minute serrations laterally; a pair of sclerotized cornuti as in R. selira but much thinner; valvae short and slender with narrowed apices; cleft between the valvae about 1/3rd the length of the valval plate.

Female Genitalia (Fig. 10f): Anterior apophysis short; ductus bursae distal portion not as enlarged than the proximal portion as in R. nissa and has a slightly convex outer margin; corpus bursae with a longitudinal signum on either side featuring rows of strong spines inside.

Biology: Potentially similar to R. nissa .

Natural History: Similar to R. nissa .

Variation: Variation mostly occurs in the width of the postdiscal bands, which can range from wide, resembling double bands, to narrow, resembling a single band. The color of the ventral wings may range from brown to purplish.

Phenology in Nepal: April to July (personal observations; Nakamura & Seki 2017, 2019).

Elevation: ca. 1000–2000 m (Nakamura & Seki 2017, 2019).

Distribution on the Indian Subcontinent: Northwestern and northeastern India, Nepal, potentially Bhutan. Distribution in Nepal: Recorded from Dadeldhura, Kaski, Lalitpur, and Makawanpur districts (Nakamura &

Seki 2017). Potentially sympatric with R. nissa across its distribution range.