18. Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Löve & Löve (1961: 44) .

Centaurea triumfettii Allioni (1773: 16) . Type:— Cyanus major Alpinus incisis foliis, Triumfetti 1685, tab!.

Taxonomic notes: —In the framework of the Euro+Med PlantBase, Greuter (2020) recognised 4 subspecies for C. triumfettii, subsp. triumfettii, subsp. axillaris, subsp. nanus (Tenore 1831: 447) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube (2005: 229), and subsp. strictus (Waldstein & Kitaibel 1805: 194) Dostál (1984: 14), of which the first two grow in Turkey. Subsp. axillaris differs from subsp. triumfettii by its stems tomentose to subglabrous, cauline leaves lanceolate, uppermost cauline leaves 4–10 mm wide, and median cauline leaves 6–15 mm wide.

Distribution: — Cyanus triumfettii is widely distributed in mountains of C and S Europe, Crimea, NW Africa, Lebanon, Turkey, N and W Iran, Iraq and Azerbaijan (Wagenitz 1975, 1980, 2019). Cyanus triumfettii subsp. axillaris is a widespread element in Turkey and can be found in most parts of the country, whereas C. triumfettii subsp. triumfettii is mainly distributed in the eastern parts of Turkey (Fig. 9). In addition, the distribution of C. triumfettii subsp. axillaris is wider in comparison to the other subspecies in Turkey.