Vieja maculicauda (Regan 1905) (Fig. 9B). Blackbelt Cichlid; Vieja, Mojarra, Pis Pis, Tuba, Mojarra de Estero, Palometa, Mojarra Azul, Tilapia

Vouchers: UCR 0361-003 (1), 0362-001 (1), 0457-008 (2), 1003-002 (1) and 1083-001 (1); FMNH 5979 (1); LSUMZ 15303 (10), 15317 (7), 15340 (54), 15351 (3), 15372 (1), 15425 (1), 15444 (1), 17145 (1) and 17154 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13771 (1), UMMZ 188311 (1), 188312 (1), 196949 (1), 196953 (1) and 199662 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Belize to central Panama, Atlantic and Pacific (Canal zone in Panama) drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–115 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 128, as Cichlasoma nigritum (Meek 1907) —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 195, as Cichlasoma maculicauda — synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 380; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 63; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros & Miguel-Frithz (2010: 53; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Robertson & Allen (2015: 4696; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 34; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), McMahan et al. (2016: 1; information on historical and current distribution, with a map), Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 4696; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 51; listed, including information on distribution), Ardon et al. (2022: 1; body shape variability) and Angulo & San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution).