Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) (Fig. 8B). Barbu, Barbu Threadfin; Barbudo Barbú

Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to Salvador, Brazil, excluding the Gulf of Mexico; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK and BF (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 211; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson & Allen (2015: 3829; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 45, as Polydactylus oligodon (Günther 1860) —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution).