Styracura schmardae (Werner 1904) (Fig. 6D). Caribbean Whiptail Stingray; Raya Coluda Caribeña, Chupare, Lebisa

Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Mexico, Bahamas and Cuba to French Guiana; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; EN A2d (2021), population trend decreasing .

Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 44, as Himmantura schmardae —misspelled and synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 2746; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).