Key to species of the genus Parastephanellus Enderlein from China

1 Medio-anteriorly pronotum steeply arising behind neck (Figs 19, 27, 63); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ wide (Figs 22, 66); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.1–1.5 × (rarely up to 1.6 x) vein 1-SR (Figs 18, 62); pale streak of temple rather narrow dorsally and distinctly remaining removed from occipital carina (Figs 26, 69); [ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.8 × as long as body; frons of ♀ largely dark brown, but yellowish in ♂; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r (Figs 18, 62); temples moderately angulate to rounded in dorsal view (Figs 25, 68)]......................................... 2 - Medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Figs 4, 12); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ usually narrower (Figs 6, 54, 71, 93); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.5–2.2 × vein 1-SR (Figs 3, 11, 45; but 1.3–1.5 × in P. yixiwui; Fig. 72); pale streak of temple variable, but usually close to occipital carina (Figs 9, 17, 46, 57, 99), except in P. yixiwui (Figs 80, 85, 89)....... 3

2 Hind coxa of ♀ 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 21; ♂ up to 2.6 ×, measured over flat aciculate or coriaceous area in dorso-lateral view: Fig. 2); first metasomal tergite 4.4–5.5 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 30); hind tibia 1.2 × as long as hind femur (Fig. 23); temple behind pale streak chestnut to orange brown (Fig. 26); vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Figs 18, 28); [middle basitarsus of ♀ 6–7 × as long as its medial width; first discal cell of fore wing comparatively narrow and its length approx. 3.1 × as long as vein 1-M (Fig. 18)]......................................................................................... P. brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011

- Hind coxa of ♀ 2.7–3.0 × as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 65); first metasomal tergite 6.8–7.5 × as long as its maximum width; hind tibia 1.1 × as long as hind femur; temple behind pale streak dark brown (Fig. 69); vein r of fore wing ends far behind level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 62)................................... P. matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006

3 Pterostigma obtuse apically (Fig. 92); pronotum stout in dorsal view (Fig. 94); yellowish streak of temple reaching occipital carina dorsally (Fig. 98); pronotum below tegulae with some rugulae (Fig. 93); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding latero-api- cally and emargination shallow (Fig. 95); ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body; first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 4 × as long as its maximum width; [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.2 × vein 1-SR and 1.3 × vein m-cu; propodeum medially densely foveolate and interspaces small; laterally pronotum dark brown (Fig. 91)]........................................................................................ P. zhejiangensis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011

- Pterostigma roundly narrowed apically (Figs 45, 72); pronotum relatively slender in dorsal view (Figs 48, 74) or robust (Figs 13, 37); yellowish streak of temple remain separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Figs. 53, 60, 79); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 63); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically and emargination moderately deep (Figs 6, 71), but intermediate in P. evexus (Fig. 54); ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.7 × as long as body (unknown of P. brevistigma); if about as long as body ( P. evexus) then first metasomal tergite of ♀ 9–10 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 44).............. 4

4 Vein 1-SR of fore wing weakly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 35); first discal cell of fore wing narrow and distinctly parallel-sided (Fig. 35); vein m-cu of fore wing about as long as vein 2-SR+M (Fig. 35); pronotum yellowish brown and distinctly paler than mesoscutum (Fig. 36); [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.1 × vein 1-SR and 1.1 × vein m-cu; temple yellowish posteriorly and ivory streak slightly contrasting with it (Fig. 42); anterior part of mesoscutum in dorsal view rather shiny and (except for 3 crenulate grooves) largely smooth (Fig. 36); frons regularly transversely rugose medially; only male holotype known from Taiwan, males from continental China belong to P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij]......................................................................................... P. brevistigma Enderlein, 1913

- Vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and 2–4 × as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Figs 3, 11 45, 72), rarely shorter; first discal cell of fore wing moderately wide and less parallel-sided (Fig. 3, 11, 72); vein m-cu of fore wing much longer than vein 2-SR+M (Figs 3, 11, 72); pronotum variable, usually dark brown or blackish, similar to colour of mesoscutum (Figs 46, 73) or at least dorsally so (Figs 5, 48)...................................................................... 5

5 Frons of ♀ narrow (Fig. 7); vein cu-a of fore wing sinuate and posteriorly distinctly reclivous (Fig. 3); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.3 × vein m-cu (Fig. 3); hind femur shiny and largely (except medially) smooth; yellowish streak of temple surpassing upper level of occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 8); first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 8.3 × as long as its maximum width; pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically (Fig. 6); [temples of ♀ distinctly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 8); laterally pronotum chestnut brown (Fig. 4); basal part of pterostigma about 1.5 × as long as vein r (Fig. 3); distance from dorsally widened pale streak on temple to occipital carina in dorsal view less than width of streak (Fig. 8)]...................................................................................... P. angulatus Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011

- Frons of ♀ moderately wide (Figs 52, 78); vein cu-a of fore wing nearly straight and posteriorly slightly reclivous (Figs 11, 45, 72); vein 1-M of fore wing 0.9–1.1 × vein m-cu (Figs 11, 45, 72), rarely 1.2 ×; hind femur with satin sheen and largely microsculptured (Figs 14, 50, 77); size of yellowish streak of temple variable (Figs 16, 53, 60, 79); first metasomal tergite of ♀ 4.8– 7.2 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 75), if up to 9.5–10.9 × as long as wide (Fig. 44) then pygidial area of ♀ hardly protruding latero-apically (Fig. 54)6

6 First metasomal tergite of ♀ very slender, approx. 9.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 44), of ♂ 8.7–10.9 ×; ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body and 1.8 × as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth hardly dentate (Figs 43, 50, 55); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing up to level of apex of vein r (Fig. 45); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding and rounded latero-apically (Figs 43, 54); temples of ♀ strongly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 53, but rounded in ♂: Fig. 60); [posterior part of pronotum and mesoscutum moderately high in lateral view (Fig. 43)]............................... P. evexus sp. n.

- First metasomal tergite of ♀ less slender, 6.2–7.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 75), of ♂ up to 8.7 ×; ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.7 × as long as body and 2.5–2.8 × as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth distinctly dentate (Figs 14, 77, 90); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically (Fig. 71); temples of ♀ rounded to moderately angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 79); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r (Figs 11, 72)................. 7

7 Posterior part of pronotum very low (Figs 73, 85); frons of ♀ dark brown (Fig. 78; yellow in ♂: 88); first metasomal tergite slender, 6.2–7.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 75); pronotum black, and in dorsal view less robust and posterior part partly coarsely sculptured (Fig. 74)....................................................................... P. yixiwui sp. n.

- Posterior part of pronotum comparatively high (Fig. 12); frons of both sexes brownish yellow (Fig. 15); first metasomal tergite rather robust, approximately 5 × as long as its maximum width; pronotum orange brown, and in dorsal view robust and posterior part superficially sculptured (Fig. 13); [frons transversely rugose; ivory streak of temple hardly contrasting with yellowish remainder of temple (Fig. 17; ♂, but slightly more in ♀)]............... P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995, reinstated