Key to species of Lepidocephalus

1. Eyes and dark pigment absent; ventrally directed tubules along lateral line; western Kalimantan .............. L. spectrum

1. Eyes and dark pigment present; no tubules along lateral line.................................................... 2

2. Dorsal-fin origin over pelvic-fin origin; western Kalimantan ........................................... L. pallens

2. Dorsal-fin origin well behind pelvic-fin origin............................................................... 3

3. No scales on top of head; 9 branched dorsal-fin rays; 4 branched anal-fin rays; peninsular Malaysia ........ L. pahangensis

3. Scales (sometimes embedded) on top of head; 8 branched dorsal-fin rays; 5–6 branched anal-fin rays.................. 4

4. Snout short, 3.9–5.1% SL, 23.3–27.1% HL; Java, Sumatra, southern Kalimantan ......................... L. macrochir

4. Snout longer, 5.6–7.4% SL, 28.6–38.1% HL; Thailand ................................................ L. nanensis