Graphium (Pazala) tamerlanus (Oberthür, 1876) (Figure 9)

Papilio Tamerlanus Oberthür, 1876; Ét. Ent., 2: 13, pl. II, f. 1; TL: ‘Moupin’ [Baoxing, Sichuan, China].

Diagnostic characters: The largest of the three species, both wings broad, ground colour pale white; all black markings on both wings thinner. Forewing the 1 st, 2 nd, 8 th black bands all reach tornal margin in both sexes, while the 9 th black band tends to be reduced near the tornus, and the terminal (10 th) black band usually only reaches or just crosses vein CuA 2; dark scales between the 8 th and 9 th bands only indicated near the apex; the 7 th band not displaced inward in cell R 4; veins CuA 2 to M 2 only faintly stained with black distally. Hindwing discal band not broadened towards costa; no whitish small patch at the base of tail in cell M 3; tornal yellow spots much smaller and divided on both sides.

Male genitalia (Figure 10): In total, 10 male genitalia were dissected for the two known subspecies, namely ssp. tamerlanus and ssp. kansuensis, and the general characters were consistent. Highly sclerotized. Ring slightly wavy in the upper half; saccus small but moderately sclerotized; socius toothed laterally, distance between the base of socii 0.40–0.60 mm (mean = 0.49 ± 0.08 mm, n = 10). Valve short, oval in general, dorsal terminal harpe short, pear-shaped with both lower angles more acute, edge serrate with the base connected; the medial harpe long and slightly curved, the dorsal projection bayonet-shaped with pointed or toothed tip; no tooth in the middle of the medial harpe. Juxta weakly sclerotized with hairy membrane on both sides.

Female genitalia (Figure 11): In total, two females of ssp. tamerlanus and a female of ssp. kansuensis were available for dissection, and the overall characters were consistent. Lamella postvaginalis small; lamella antevaginalis broad horizontally, covered with sclerotized wrinkles; ostial lobe heavily sclerotized, broad at the base and gradually narrowed into a triangular tip in lateral view, the posterior margin smooth in ventral view in two females of ssp. tamerlanus, and only very shallowly indented into “W”-shape in the only female of ssp. kansuensis .