Cinara (Cinara) costata (Zetterstedt, 1828)

Figs 32–33

Diagnosis

Apterae 2.5–3.5 mm, light brownish with olive green blackish pleural longitudinal bands forming a bottle-shaped pattern, and transverse bronzy stripes posteriorly; the dark parts with a characteristic metallic sheen. The wax cover is often heavy and obscures the underlying pattern, at least interrupting the longitudinal bands. Sometimes whole colonies may be covered in wax. Holocyclic, monoecious on Picea . Found in margins and clearings of spruce or mixed forests. In small, dense, wax-covered colonies on lignified twigs, usually on lower branches of tall trees. Normally not attended by ants.

Recorded hosts

Pinaceae: Picea abies *, engelmannii, glauca *, omorika *, orientalis, pungens *, sitchensis, tianschanica, spp.

Distribution

D F N S.