3.1 Morphological diagnosis of C. benkeithi

We followed Lemos et al. (2020) for the identification of C. benkeithi . The external morphological characters validating the diagnosis included: forearm length shorter than 37 mm, faint or absent dorsal fur band, shorter dorsal fur compared to Carollia brevicauda, and absence of hair on the dorsal surface of the forearm. Additionally, we checked diagnostic characters from DÍaz et al. (2016) and McLellan and Koopman (2007) to enhance our identification process, which included the following features: the upper 2nd premolar cingulum usually well developed and projecting toward the upper 1st premolar, the upper 3rd molar orientation aligned with the maxillary axis, and the height of the lower 2nd premolar larger than lower 1st molar (Table 2). Dental characteristics, such as smaller size of the lower 2nd premolar (pm2) compared to the lower 1 st molar (m1), and the orientation of the upper 3rd molar (M3), can be observed in Figure 3.