17a. Eperua rubiginosa Miq. var. rubiginosa

Stipules 1.2–3.5(–4.1) × 0.7–2.2, free. Leaves (2–)3(–4); rachis (2.3–)4.0–15.2(–18.5) cm long; secondary venation with one intramarginal vein, sometimes two, the vein closer to the margin not continuous. Inflorescences 46.0–280.0(– 500.0) cm long; pedicel 0.6–2.0 mm in diameter. Flowers: hypanthium 2.8–5.9 mm in diameter; sepal 1.0–1.8(2.1) × 0.3–1.1 cm.

Phenology:— Flowering throughout the year with a flowering pick from August to December; fruiting throughout the year, mainly from October to November.

Distribution:— Brazil (Amapá, Pará), French Guiana (Cayenne, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takatu-Upper Essequibo), and Surinam (Brokopondo, Kabalebo, Marowijne, Para, Sipaliwini).

Habitat:— Mainly in floodplains forests (igapó, swamp forest), sometimes in terra-firme forest, rarely in wallaba forest, on white and brown sand, stony clayey, sandy stony, and laterite soils, from sea level to 350 m elev.

Occurrence in protected areas:— Parque Indígena Tumucumaque, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque (Brazil), Réserve Naturelle de Nouragues (French Guiana, Cayenne).

Etymology:— The specific epithet relates to its inflorescence, flowers, and fruit color indumentum.

Vernacular names:— apa (Irwin H.S. & Westra L.Y.T. 47471, Pires J.M. & Westra L.Y.T. 48849), bioudou (BAFOG 6239, BAFOG 7831, BAFOG 7937, IFAT 7831, IFAT 7937), eturi wallaba (Redden K.M. et al. 6012), franga (boni), ouapa (créole) (Schnell R.A.A. 11456), iperana-apá ( Rosa N.A. 1183), ituri wallaba (Fanshawe D.B. 4840), oever wallaba (Maguire B. et al. 54014), ouapa (nom créole) (Oldeman R.A.A. 1552), tapaka (Grenand P. 1521), uapá (Candido J. s.n. IAN44221, IAN44221a), walaba (BAFOG 219, Landsbosbeheer 311, Lanjouw J. 1209, 738, Lanjouw J. & Lindeman J.C. 324, Mennega A.M.W. 102), wallaba (Evans R. et al. 1929, Junker L. 249), wapa (Angel G. 126, Fleury M. 1129, Hoff M. 5964, Oldeman R.A.A. 1520, Thiel J. 891, 892), wapa riviére (Angel G. 126, Bordenave B. 228, Paget D. 51, Thiel J. 891, 892, Prévost M.F. 4038, Benoist R. s.n. P03465703).

Uses:— Brazil: wood used for house construction (Fortes E.A. collections), shingles, fencing, and poles (Pires J.M. & Westra L.Y.T. 48849).

Taxonomic notes:— Eperua rubiginosa shares with E. glabra the multijugate leaves with straight leaflets, long and pendulous inflorescences, erect lateral racemes, caducous bracteoles attached to the lower portion of the pedicels, non-tubular corolla, and exserted stamens joined in a tube. However, E. rubiginosa differs by the tomentulose inflorescence (vs. glabrous in E. glabra) and tomentose ovary and fruit (vs. glabrous in E. glabra) (see Table 4).

Selected specimens:— BRAZIL. Amapá, Macapá, Fazendinha, Parque Zoobotânico, IEPA, rodovia JK, 10 ki, empreendimento AHE, Santo Antônio do rio Jari, 17 August 2010, Carim M.J.V. & Guimarães J.R.S. 533 (HAMAB). Oiapoque, nas margens da rodovia BR156 entre Oiapoque e Calçoene, a 23 km de Oiapoque, 3°42’11.8”N 51°46’24.1”W, 04 December 2021, Fortes E.A. & Silva G.S. da 167 (IAN, RB); nas margens do rio Oiapoque próximo à ponte BR-GF, lado brasileiro, 3°51’22.1”N 51°49’29.7”W, 05 December 2021, Fortes E.A. & Silva G.S. da 168 (IAN, RB). Pedra Branca do Amapari, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, acima da Base Jupará, 105 m elev., 1°11’16”S 52°22’8”W, 08 November 2018, Goldenberg R. et al. 2522 (MG, RB); rio Amapari, between Munguba and Serra do Navio, 0°42’0”N 51°45’0”W, 25 September 1961, Pires J.M. et al. 51182 (IAN, INPA, K, MG, NY, U, US). Serra do Navio, rio Araguari, between camps 12 and 13, 04 October 1961, Pires J.M. et al. 51501 (IAN, MG, NY, US). Pará, Óbidos, rio Paru do Oeste (Tirió), barranco à beira do rio, 26 June 1960, Cavalcante P.B. 870 (MG, NY). Oriximiná, distrito de Porto Trombetas, km 6, cachoeira da Porteira, 1°5’23”S 57°2’84”W, 17 September 2003, Faria S.M. de et al. 2450 (HSTM, MBM, RB). FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne, Cayenne, unknown locality, October 1910, 1948, Santini 1948 (L). Kourou, riviére Kourou, bassin du Kourou, 10 October 1980, Thiel J. 729 (CAY). Régina, station des Nouragues (cam inselberg), trail XV detour near RG on Grand Plateau, 40– 20 m elev., 4°5’30”N 52°41’0”W, 10 October 2008, Geiselman C.K. 169 (NY). Roura, rivière la Counamama, 4°31’0”N 52°16’0”W, 06 October 2000, Prévost M.F. 4038 (CAY). Saint-Élie, Saut takari-tante, bassin du sinnamary, m elev., 4°37’0”N 52°56’0”W, 19 November 1989, Hoff M. 5964 (CAY). Saint-Georges, crique Gabaret, 3°55’0”N 51°47’59”W, 07 December 2005, Delnatte C. 325 (CAY, COL, MPU). Sinnamary, pointe Combi, région littorale, riviére Sinnamary, 24 November 1979, Thiel J. 588 (CAY). Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Grandi-Santi, 25 August 1961, Schnell R.A.A. 11456 (CAY, P, U, US). Mana, unknown locality, 06 December 1979, Thiel J. 601 (CAY). Maripasoula, camp no. 1 ouman fou langa soula—bassin du haut marouini Saint-Laurent-du-Maron, 2°52’59.9”N 54°0’0”W, 24 August 1987, Granville J-J. de 9666 (CAY, US). GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve, between Pakutau Falls and Ireng Creek on Siparuni R., 75 m elev., 4°45’0’’N 59°01’0’’W, 09 November 1995, Clarke H.D. 442 (US). Potaro-Siparuni, Kaieteur National Park, plot Study #1, NE from end of airstrip at headwaters of Korume Creek, 300–350 m elev., 5°10’0”N 59°28’59.9”W, 11–19 March 1997, Kelloff C.L. & McKee G.S. 1246 (US) Upper Demerara-Berbice, Fairview Landing E bank of Essequibo River, near end of Mabura road, 91 m elev., 4°40’0”N 58°40’0”W, 19 July 1990, McDowell T. 3271 ( INPA, US). Upper Takatu-Upper Essequibo, Acarai Mts., 4 km S of Sipu River, area near camp at base of Acarai Mts., 245 m elev., 1°23’0”N 58°56’0”W, 08 September 1998, Clarke H.D. et al. 7639 (U, US); Essequibo region, Kuyuwuni river watershed, Airshalton Landing, upstream 2–3 km N & S banks, 250 m elev., 2°03’00”N 59°10’0”W, 22 November 1993, Henkel T.W. et al. 3100 (U, US); Essequibo River, 222 m elev., 2°15’21.1”N 58°19’26.5”W, 27 April 2004, Redden K.M. et al. 3130 (US);. SURINAM. Brokopondo, van Blommesteijn Lake, Island south, 48 m elev., 4°33.8’0”N 55°7.2’0”W, 11 April 2011, Bhikhi C.R. et al. 873 (U). Kabalebo, Central SURINAM Nature Reserve, unnamed tributary of Coppename River 200 m South of Driefoetoe Sula, 50–75 m elev., 4°45’0”N 59°1’0”W, 10 March 2004, Clarke H.D. & Rhodes J. 11375 (US). Marowijne, Albina, ad ripas fluv. Marowijne. S of Albina, 19 September 1948, Lanjouw J. & Lindeman J.C. 324 (IAN, U). Para, unknown locality, undated, Voltz F. s.n. U1302936 (U). Sipaliwini, Coeroeni, N side of Kuruni Island, E of trail from airstrip to N branch of Kuruni River around island, ca. 30 airline km E of confluence on Corantijn River, 180 m elev., 3°22’12”N 57°20’36”W, 10 November 1994, Evans R. et al. 1929 (CAY, IAN, INPA, P, RB, U, US). Goddo, unknown locality, 19 August 1908, Tresling J.H.A. T. 334 (RB, U). Raleigh vallen- Voltzberg Nature Reserve on the Coppename River, 145 kms SW of Paramaribo, vicinity of Lolopasi Hut, left bank of the Coppename River, 21 November 1976, Mori S.A. & Bolten A. 8673 (U) .