Genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858

Callogorgia Gray, 1858: 286 .— Bayer, 1982: 119 –123 (key to Indo-Pacific species).— Cairns & Bayer, 2002: 841 –845; 2009: 40.— Cairns, 2010: 425 (Hawaiian species); 2016b: 58 (New Zealand species); 2018: 6 (key to Indo-Pacific species).— Cairns & Wirshing, 2018: 8, 18, fig. 4o.

Fanellia Gray, 1870: 46 .— Bayer, 1982: 134 –135 (key to species).— Bayer & Stefani, 1989: 470 –471 (key to genus and all species).— Cairns & Bayer, 2009: 40 –41.— Cairns & Wirshing, 2018: 8, 18.

Type Species. Gorgonia verticillata Pallas, 1766, by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Colonies uniplanar, pinnately or dichotomously branched. Polyps arranged in pairs or whorls of up to 16, all polyps facing upward. Polyps covered by eight longitudinal rows of body wall scales, the number of scales per row decreasing from ab- to adaxial polyp side. Body wall scales granular, smooth, pitted, tuberculate, or covered with tall ridges (cristate) for all or part of polyp. Inner side of opercular scales convex, covered with a multiply serrate keel.

Discussion. With the recent synonymy of Fanellia with Callogorgia, the genus now contains 38 species (Cairns & Wirshing 2018, Cairns 2018). A key to the 22 Indo-Pacific species was recently published by Cairns (2018). Discussions of the genus are included in Cairns & Bayer (2009) and Cairns (2018).

Distribution. Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, 37–2472 m.