Key to species of Aphrophoridae in Iran

1. Larger species, body length greater than 9 mm ............................................................... 2

- Smaller species, body length less than 9 mm ................................................................4

2. Vertex longer than wide, general colour brown (Figs 1, 11 a–e, 20)................................ Poophilus costalis

- Vertex wider than long................................................................................ 3

3. Body elongate, uniformly orange/yellowish (Figs 2, 21)....................................... Aphrophora salicina

- Body relatively broad; forewing with two pale areas on costal margin (Figs 3, 12 a–c, 22)................ Aphrophora alni

4. Vertex with dark brown medial stripe extending to scutellum (Figs 4, 13 a–b, 23)................. Paraphilaenus notatus

- Vertex without central distinct markings.................................................................... 5

5. Hind tibia with more than 8 spines........................................................................ 6

- Hind tibia with 8 spines or fewer........................................................................ 8

6. Body short, broad and oval, almost convex in dorsal profile (Figs 5, 14 a–c, 24).................. Lepyronia coleoptrata

- Body more elongate and anterior margins in dorsal view more or less parallel..................................... 7

7. General colour pale whitish-brown with a pale costal margin to forewing (Figs 6, 15 a–b, 25)........ Neophilaenus lineatus

- Darker and smaller species, variable in colour from dark to pale brown (Figs 7, 16 a–b, 26)....... Neophilaenus campestris

8. Male genitalia with lateral basal extensions to anal tube...................................................... 9

- Male genitalia without lateral anal tube extensions to anal tube. Aedeagus as in fig. 17a (Figs 8, 17 a–c, 27).................................................................................................. Mesoptyelus iranicus

9. Aedeagus as in fig. 18 (Figs 9, 18 a–c, 28).................................................. Philaenus spumarius

- Aedeagus as in fig. 19 (Figs 10, 19 a–c, 29)................................................ Philaenus elbursianus