Cacopsylla hyalinonemae Li and Yang, 1989

Figures 3 (a–h), 8(b), 10(c–d)

Cacopsylla hyalinonemae Li and Yang, 1989: 70; Li, 2011: 820.

Redescription

Adult.

Colouration (Figures 10 (c–d)). Body light brown in overall view. Vertex pale yellow in ground, with two longitudinal ochreous stripes consistent with those on thoracic dorsum, along with two narrow ochreous stripes beside. Antennal base ochreous except for margin of antennal insertion. Dorsal aspect of genal processes pale yellow in ground, with two longitudinal red stripes; ventral aspect of genal processes brown. Compound eyes red, ocelli orange. Antenna pale yellow, with black apices on segments III–VIII, and segments IX–X entirely black. Thoracic dorsum pale yellow in ground, with ochreous stripes; two longitudinal stripes present through pronotum and mesopraescutum, consistent with the stripes on vertex; lateral stripes on mesoscutum with conspicuous dark brown outlines. Thoracic pleurites mostly brown, dorsal bulge of mesopleuron pale yellow. Legs yellow, coxae black, femora more or less darkened. Fore wing membrane (Figure 3 (f)) golden yellow and hyaline, leaving colourless bands along veins; margin brown, gradually lightening basally; pterostigma dark brown; veins mostly colourless, marginal vein yellow; vein A 1 with several black sections varying in length. Hind wing membrane (Figure 3 (g)) hyaline, outer and caudal margin, and part of cell cu 2 black. Abdomen dark brown, tergum of segment III ochreous. Male terminalia ochreous, apical tube of proctiger dark brown, subgenital plate more or less blackish. Female proctiger ochreous, subgenital plate dark brown.

Structures. Head (Figure 3 (a)) inclined from longitudinal body axis by about 45°, slightly wider than mesoscutum transversely. Antero-outer and antero-inner angles of vertex protruding as round tubercles; boundary between vertex and gena clear. Surface of vertex finely sculptured with scaly microstructures and microscopic setae. Genal processes long and rather robust, slightly tilted upwards, gradually growing divergent, apices rounded. Demarcation between antennal base and genal process rather distinct as a crease. Antenna relatively slender, more distally situated terminal seta about 2/3 as long as the more proximally situated terminal seta (Figure 3 (h)).

Mesopraescutum moderately produced forward, pressing pronotum to be gently arched. Metatibia with well developed genual spine, apical spurs arranged in 1 + 3 + 1. Fore wing (Figure 3 (f)) oblong oval, strongly widening until apical 1/4; posterior margin nearly straight; height of cell cu 1 distinctly longer than length of vein Cu 1b; vein A 1 with narrow flag expanded outwards; fields of surface spinules relatively large, contracted at apices of cells; fields of radular spinules as shown in Figure 3 (f).

Male terminalia: Proctiger (Figure 3 (b)) without posterior lobe, gently arched, with nearly evenly spaced setae; posterior margin moderately produced. Paramere (Figure 3 (b–c)) slightly curved forward, outer surface with two ridges basally; apical tooth curved inwards, with tip subacute and pointed forward; inner surface with lots of long setae pointing downwards, posterior margin also with lots of long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus (Figure 3 (d)) relatively long, nearly straight; apical dilatation short and stout, slightly hooked apically; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius projected backwards, and gently curved upwards. Subgenital plate (Figure 3 (b)) nearly round in profile.

Female terminalia (Figure 3 (e)): Relatively short. Anal ring covering about 1/3 of the total length of proctiger; longitudinal row of rather long setae in dorsum of apical process not clearly recognisable; setae in bilateral sides of apical process of proctiger gradually turn from short setae basally into peg setae apically. Subgenital plate relatively long and narrow in profile, peg setae present only near apex. Valvulae dorsalis and ventralis gently curved upwards.

Material examined

Holotype: female, slide mounted, Mountain Hua, Huayin, Shaanxi, China, 22 August1962, Yang Chikun . Non-type specimens: 1 male, 1 female, dry mounted, Mountain Liupan, Jingyuan, Ningxia, China, altitude 2100 m, 30 July 1992, Li Fasheng; 2 males, 2 females, dry mounted, Mountain Kongtong, Pingliang, Gansu, China, altitude 1400–2000 m, 29 July 1992, Li Fasheng; 3 males, 5 females, dry mounted, Erlong river forestry farm, Jingyuan, Ningxia, China, altitude 2050 m, 35°19 ′ 17 ″ N, 106°21 ′ 24 ″ E, 29 July 2012, Luo Xinyu, on Spiraea sp .; 1 female, dry mounted, Dongshanpo forestry farm, Jingyuan, Ningxia, China, 35°36 ′ 32 ″ N, 106°14 ′ 38 ″ E, 10 August 2012, Luo Xinyu; 1 male, 1 female, slide mounted, 3 males, 4 females, preserved in absolute ethanol, Laolongtan, Jingyuan, Ningxia, China, altitude 1900 m, 35°32 ′ 38 ″ N, 106°20 ′ 21 ″ E, 3 August 2012, Luo Xinyu, on Spiraea sp .

Host plant

Probably Spiraea sp., as although there were only a few adults collected on the plant, no adult was collected from the surrounding plants. Li (2011) listed Syrina oblata as the host plant, but it is most probably a shelter plant or food plant.

Remarks

This species is rather unique within the genus, attributed to the longitudinal stripes through the vertex to mesopraescutum, the red stripes on the genal processes, the less inclined head, and the protruding anterior angles of the vertex. Psylla tetrotaenialis Li and Yang, 1989 is another species with such characters; we regard it as a closely related species to C. hyalinonemae, and hereby assign it to Cacopsylla as Cacopsylla tetrotaenialis (Li and Yang, 1989) comb. nov.