Grigelis guttifera (d’Orbigny, 1846) comb. nov.

Figs 10–11

Dentalina guttifera d’Orbigny, 1846: 49, pl. 2 figs 11–13.

Nodosaria guttifera – Papp & Schmid 1985: 30. pl. 13 figs 1–6.

non Nodosaria farcimen (Soldani, 1791) – Flint 1899: 309, pl. 55 fig. 5. — Cushman 1923: 71–72, pl. 14 figs 8, 11. — Eiland & Guðmundsson 2004: 202, 204, pl. 1 fig. l; pl. 2 figs f–h.

non Nodosaria simplex Silvestri, 1872 – Flint 1899: 309, pl. 55 fig. 2. — Cushman 1923 (part): 68, pl. 14 fig. 10 (only).

Material examined

ICELANDIC WATERS • 3; 63.4528° N, 24.6875° W; RP sledge; depth 296 m; 6.92°C; 35.11 ppt; 4 Sep. 1992; BIOICE 2237; IINH 40193 • 2; 63.1439° N, 24.9833° W; RP sledge; depth 313 m; 6.97°C; 35.12 ppt; 8 Sep. 1992; BIOICE 2273; IINH 40172 • 1; 63.0744° N, 22.6894° W; RP sledge; depth 600 m; 6.75°C; 35.1 ppt; 10 Sep. 1992; BIOICE 2303; IINH 39704 • 3; 63.2506° N, 22.7936° W; RP sledge; depth 263 m; 7.12°C; 35.13 ppt; 10 Sep. 1992; BIOICE 2308; IINH 40185 • 4; 62.7167° N, 12.8167° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 800 m; unknown; unknown; 4 May 1993; BIOICE 2333; IINH 40203 • 5; 62.7167° N, 12.7167° W; RP sledge; depth 803 m; unknown; unknown; 4 May 1993; BIOICE 2334; IINH 40195 • 25; 62.45° N, 12.9167° W; RP sledge; depth 1099 m; unknown; unknown; 5 May 1993; BIOICE 2337; IINH 14883 • 2; 63.25° N, 22.2° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 288 m; 6.92°C; 35.1 ppt; 30 Jun. 1993; BIOICE 2392; IINH 40196 • 2; 63.1667° N, 21.9056° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 330 m; 7.06°C; 35.11 ppt; 30 Jun. 1993; BIOICE 2397; IINH 40197 • 3; 63.175° N, 21.8889° W; RP sledge; depth 346 m; 7.06°C; 35.11 ppt; 30 Jun. 1993; BIOICE 2398; IINH 40202 • 2; 62.8769° N, 21.7283° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1060 m; 4°C; 34.97 ppt; 2 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2409; IINH 40204 • 2; 62.8667° N, 21.7361° W; RP sledge; depth 1074 m; 4°C; 34.97 ppt; 2 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2410; IINH 40139 • 2; 62.7556° N, 21.5667° W; RP sledge; depth 1171 m; 4.17°C; 34.98 ppt; 2 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2413; IINH 40239 • 2; 63.005° N, 21.015° W; RP sledge; depth 819 m; 5.36°C; 35.02 ppt; 2 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2415; IINH 40299 • 1; 63.1333° N, 20.6667° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 300 m; 7.02°C; 35.11 ppt; 2 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2420; IINH 40206 • 1; 66.1717° N, 25.9386° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 275 m; 5.7°C; 35.01 ppt; 11 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2493; IINH 40303 • 5; 64.45° N, 28.2639° W; RP sledge; depth 1162 m; 3.72°C; 34.92 ppt; 31 Aug. 1994; BIOICE 2692; IINH 40209 • 6; 64.1722° N, 27.7194° W; RP sledge; depth 1042 m; 4.2°C; 34.93 ppt; 2 Sep. 1994; BIOICE 2697; IINH 40257 • 4; 64.0972° N, 27.8361° W; RP sledge; depth 1121 m; 3.84°C; 34.92 ppt; 2 Sep. 1994; BIOICE 2701; IINH 40249 • 15; 64.7278° N, 30.125° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 2170 m; 3.13°C; 34.9 ppt; 3 Sep. 1994; BIOICE 2708; IINH 40107 • 8; 62.6667° N, 19.75° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1695 m; 3.31°C; 34.97 ppt; 23 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2810; IINH 40108 • 1; 62.6733° N, 19.76° W; RP sledge; depth 1695 m; 3.31°C; 34.97 ppt; 23 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2811; IINH 40109 • 3; 62.9833° N, 17.8361° W; RP sledge; depth 947 m; 3.48°C; 34.98 ppt; 27 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2846; IINH 40238 • 1; 62.8394° N, 18.0117° W; RP sledge; depth 976 m; 3.26°C; 34.98 ppt; 27 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2849; IINH 40237 • 8; 62.675° N, 16.9722° W; RP sledge; depth 1833 m; 2.4°C; 34.96 ppt; 28 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2853; IINH 40236 • 7; 62.3472° N, 16.9917° W; RP sledge; depth 2074 m; 2.34°C; 34.96 ppt; 29 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2856; IINH 40101 • 2; 61.8394° N, 16.8906° W; RP sledge; depth 2270 m; 2.37°C; 34.95 ppt; 29 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2859; IINH 42234 • 2; 61.7286° N, 16.9633° W; RP sledge; depth 2295 m; 2.6°C; 34.96 ppt; 30 Aug. 1995; BIOICE 2860; IINH 40103 • 2; 64.6281° N, 27.2411° W; RP sledge; depth 554 m; 6.35°C; 35.06 ppt; 22 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2873; IINH 40104 • 1; 64.5878° N, 27.6167° W; RP sledge; depth 776 m; 6.05°C; 35.03 ppt; 23 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2877; IINH 40106 • 1; 65.3889° N, 28.3508° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1066 m; 4.78°C; 34.98 ppt; 24 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2903; IINH 40232 • 1; 65.3908° N, 28.3575° W; RP sledge; depth 1057 m; 4.78°C; 34.98 ppt; 24 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2904; IINH 40228 • 1; 65.1836° N, 29.0717° W; RP sledge; depth 1456 m; 3.9°C; 34.94 ppt; 25 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2912; IINH 40234 • 1; 64.91° N, 29.9869° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 2005 m; 3.21°C; 34.88 ppt; 25 Aug. 1996; BIOICE 2914; IINH 40110 • 2; 63.3153° N, 14.3614° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1642 m; 2.78°C; 34.97 ppt; 6 Jul. 1997; BIOICE 3005; IINH 40231 • 1; 61.3722° N, 15.3272° W; RP sledge; depth 2133 m; 3.29°C; 34.95 ppt; 7 Jul. 1997; BIOICE 3012; IINH 40111 • 12; 62.8708° N, 14.7006° W; RP sledge; depth 1729 m; 2.51°C; 34.96 ppt; 11 Jul. 1997; BIOICE 3067; IINH 40235 • 13; 62.4889° N, 14.5094° W; RP sledge; depth 1602 m; 3.24°C; 34.94 ppt; 11 Jul. 1997; BIOICE 3069; IINH 40123 • 2; 61.9014° N, 15.1375° W; RP sledge; depth 2082 m; 2.83°C; 34.97 ppt; 12 Jul. 1997; BIOICE 3072; IINH 40112 • 1; 62.6189° N, 23.3719° W; RP sledge; depth 1250 m; 3.61°C; 34.99 ppt; 25 Jul. 2000; BIOICE 3161; IINH 40242 • 3; 60.9264° N, 22.7897° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1898 m; 2.98°C; 34.99 ppt; 26 Jul. 2000; BIOICE 3166; IINH 40116 • 5; 60.9244° N, 22.7906° W; RP sledge; depth 1897 m; 2.98°C; 34.99 ppt; 26 Jul. 2000; BIOICE 3167; IINH 40114 • 3; 61.2403° N, 27.9272° W; Triangle dredge; depth 1005 m; 4.6°C; 34.97 ppt; 31 Jul. 2000; BIOICE 3183; IINH 40229 • 3; 62.9972° N, 19.1861° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1311 m; 3.72°C; 34.99 ppt; 11 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3259; IINH 40122 • 2; 62.9944° N, 19.1917° W; RP sledge; depth 1308 m; 3.72°C; 34.99 ppt; 12 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3260; IINH 40121 • 80; 62.5306° N, 19.6639° W; RP sledge; depth 1682 m; 3.3°C; 34.99 ppt; 13 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3263; IINH 40120 • 1; 62.4222° N, 19.8167° W; RP sledge; depth 1780 m; 2.95°C; 34.98 ppt; 13 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3264; IINH 40118 • 5; 62.8972° N, 15.9333° W; RP sledge; depth 1692 m; 2.85°C; 35 ppt; 16 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3280; IINH 40245 • 4; 62.8028° N, 16.225° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1810 m; 2.54°C; 34.99 ppt; 16 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3281; IINH 40244 • 14; 62.8° N, 16.2556° W; RP sledge; depth 1813 m; 2.54°C; 34.99 ppt; 16 Sep. 2001; BIOICE 3282; IINH 40256 • 9; 62.0294° N, 19.8208° W; RP sledge; depth 1733 m; 3.09°C; 34.99 ppt; 2 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3504; IINH 40168 • 1; 61.7814° N, 19.7458° W; RP sledge; depth 1809 m; 2.55°C; 34.99 ppt; 2 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3505; IINH 40251 • 1; 61.9264° N, 19.2839° W; RP sledge; depth 1595 m; 3.12°C; 35.01 ppt; 3 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3507; IINH 40252 • 120; 62.0444° N, 19.6531° W; RP sledge; depth 1678 m; 2.7°C; 34.99 ppt; 3 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3509; IINH 40125 • 3; 62.2447° N, 19.4839° W; RP sledge; depth 1605 m; 2.67°C; 34.99 ppt; 3 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3510; IINH 40248 • 1; 62.4331° N, 19.7708° W; RP sledge; depth 1780 m; 2.93°C; 35 ppt; 4 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3514; IINH 40167 • 2; 62.5203° N, 17.9464° W; RP sledge; depth 1521 m; 3.57°C; 35.02 ppt; 5 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3518; IINH 40254 • 2; 62.2711° N, 17.5489° W; RP sledge; depth 1960 m; 2.7°C; 34.99 ppt; 5 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3519; IINH 40243 • 50; 62.5206° N, 17.1742° W; RP sledge; depth 1940 m; 2.34°C; 34.99 ppt; 7 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3522; IINH 40126 • 3; 62.6467° N, 17.0625° W; RP sledge; depth 1921 m; 2.37°C; 34.99 ppt; 7 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3524; IINH 40169 • 8; 62.7886° N, 17.3436° W; RP sledge; depth 1662 m; 3.36°C; 35.02 ppt; 8 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3527; IINH 40241 • 2; 62.7914° N, 17.1214° W; Agassiz trawl; depth 1757 m; 2.95°C; 35.01 ppt; 8 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3529; IINH 40240 • 10; 62.7239° N, 14.5861° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 1708 m; 2.51°C; 34.98 ppt; 9 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3531; IINH 40247 • 1; 62.4139° N, 14.2319° W; RP sledge; depth 1516 m; 2.57°C; 35 ppt; 10 Sep. 2002; BIOICE 3538; IINH 40255 • 1; 63.7628° N, 26.3861° W; RP sledge; depth 496 m; 7.48°C; 35.18 ppt; 3 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3563; IINH 40160 • 1; 63.7769° N, 26.6589° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 788 m; 6.07°C; 35.06 ppt; 3 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3564; IINH 40156 • 1; 63.7742° N, 26.6525° W; RP sledge; depth 791 m; 6.07°C; 35.06 ppt; 3 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3565; IINH 40158 • 2; 63.9908° N, 26.8294° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 677 m; 6.62°C; 35.09 ppt; 3 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3568; IINH 40157 • 1; 63.2961° N, 28.5775° W; RP sledge; depth 1744 m; 3.7°C; 34.95 ppt; 6 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3576; IINH 40144 • 6; 62.8347° N, 29.3883° W; RP sledge; depth 1995 m; 3.13°C; 34.92 ppt; 7 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3582; IINH 40253 • 1; 61.835° N, 26.1589° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 906 m; 5.52°C; 35.07 ppt; 10 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3594; IINH 40153 • 1; 61.8328° N, 26.1769° W; RP sledge; depth 916 m; 5.52°C; 35.07 ppt; 10 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3595; IINH 40141 • 2; 62.2953° N, 25.6311° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 774 m; 6.5°C; 35.12 ppt; 10 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3597; IINH 40102 • 6; 62.2936° N, 25.6328° W; RP sledge; depth 769 m; 6.5°C; 35.12 ppt; 10 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3598; IINH 40250 • 2; 63.3289° N, 25.265° W; RP sledge; depth 306 m; 7.49°C; 35.17 ppt; 11 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3605; IINH 39170 • 4; 64.6761° N, 26.4503° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 269 m; 6.99°C; 35.14 ppt; 12 Sep. 2003; BIOICE 3616; IINH 14755

Description

Test shape elongate, slightly curved, sometimes straight, usually strongly nodular, megalospheres barely or slightly tapering with a rounded end; microspheres distinctly tapering to a pointed end. Length of test often 2–4 mm, the largest is over 8 mm; test width 0.3–0.7 mm. Chambers usually pear-shaped with a conical neck, rectilinearly arranged in both generations, chamber embracement minimal; number of chambers in megalospheres 4 to 6; up to 12 in microspheres. Sutures horizontal. Aperture radial and central, at the end of an elongated conical neck; up to 15 radial tines, symmetrically arranged and fused in the center. Basal knob or short spine at initial end; base of chambers commonly hispid, sometimes granular or with faint striations (Fig. 11B), rarely smooth. Secondary surface laminations absent. Wall thick and relatively coarsely perforated, except for an imperforate segment next to the aperture.

Remarks

Of the 521 examined specimens, 17 were microspheres. Diameter of proloculus is <0.04 mm in microspheres and 0.24–0.46 mm in the megalospheres. Some of the larger specimens of G. guttifera resemble N. subsoluta, but the former differs in being distinctively much more coarsely perforated (Fig. 10A, C) with less embracing chambers and a longer neck. This species is placed in Grigelis since the top of the fused apertural tines is distinctively more protruding than in Nodosaria and the chambers are less embracing. It seems likely that the rare reports of Nodosaria simplex Silvestri, 1872 in the North Atlantic (Flint 1899; Cushman 1923) are of megalospheric juveniles of G. guttifera; illustrated specimens have two chambers, with an elongated neck and radiate aperture. However, the types of N. simplex from Pliocene, Sicily, have only two chambers but are described to have a rounded aperture (Silvestri 1872). Flint (1899) and Cushman (1923) reported G. guttifera as rare off Ireland and perhaps also in the Faroe Channel, but most reports are from deep waters in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and off Carolina. Revision of the BIOICE material, previously identified as N. subsoluta (Eiland & Guðmundsson 2004), was found to include several specimens of G. guttifera .