Subgenus Synaldis Foerster, 1863

Synaldis Foerster, 1863: 273; Fischer 1962: 1; 1971: 139; Tobias 1971: 199 (key); Shenefelt 1974: 1020; Tobias 1986: 123; Fischer 1993 b: 567; 1997: 107; Belokobylskij 2002: 404; 2004 a: 1991; 2004 b: 935; Belokobylskij and Tobias 2007: 58; Fischer et al. 2008: 1461; Yu et al. 2016; Peris-Felipo and Belokobylskij 2017: 4; Zhu et al. 2017: 61; Dias de Oliveira and Penteado-Dias 2024: 280.

Eudinostigma Tobias, 1986: 244, syn. nov.

Type species.

Bassus concolor Nees, 1812, by original designation (lost) (Figs 20, 21).

Material examined.

Dinotrema (Synaldis) concolor: Austria: • ♀, Mischerdorf, Burgenland, 5. ix. 1956 (Fischer leg.) (NHMW) ; • ♀, Mischerdorf, Burgenland, 6. viii. 1958 (Fischer leg.) (NHMW) ; • ♀, Spitzzicken, Burgenland, 5. ix. 1956 (Fischer leg.) (NHMW) . Hungary: • ♀, Nagyrákos, 6. vi. 1985 (Rozner leg.) (HNHM) . Slovakia: • ♀, Orosva Polhora, 25. vii. 1988 (Podlussány leg.) (HNHM) . Dinotrema (Synaldis) cracipes [= Pterusa cracipes]: Holotype: Austria: • ♂, Wimpassing, Nieder-Österreich (Leitha-Gebirge), 2. v. 1915 (Fischer leg.) (NHMW) .

Diagnosis.

The main characters of this subgenus are shared with Dinotrema sensu stricto, but it has vein 2 - SR of fore wing absent.

Remarks.

The status of Synaldis has been uncertain for a long time. Van Achterberg (1988) revised the genera of the Aspilota group and first synonymised this genus with the re-established Dinotrema based on the not enlarged paraclypeal fovea (the plesiomorphic state). As a result, the former Synaldis species were distributed among the genera Aspilota and Dinotrema according to the new used diagnostic feature, the size and position of the paraclypeal fovea. For some time, the synonymy of Synaldis was not accepted by several experts working on alysiine taxa (Fischer 1993 a, 1993 b; Papp 2001; Belokobylskij 2002; Peris-Felipo et al. 2014 a). It is necessary to underline that the apomorphic feature of the subgenus, the complete reduction of vein 2 - SR of the fore wing, is a peculiar evolutionary event which also resulted in the disappearance of the distinct break (corner) between veins r and 3 - SR and this part is only gently and relatively widely curved. Such an apomorphic state of the wing venation might represent an important qualitative transformation and could support at least a subgeneric status of Synaldis (Belokobylskij 2002; Peris-Felipo and Belokobylskij 2014, 2017). However, the intermediate state is also known, both with the presence of non-sclerotised vein 2 - SR and vein r not angled with vein 3 - SR (e. g., D. (D.) pulvinatum (Stelfox & Graham) as depicted by van Achterberg 1988) or vein 2 - SR entirely absent (e. g., D. (S.) cespitator (Belokobylskij, 2004), comb. nov.), D. (S.) perfidum (Fischer, 1970), comb. nov. (as depicted by Fischer 1970) and D. (S.) trematosum (Fischer, 1967), comb. nov. (as depicted by Fischer 1967) with vein r weakly angled with 3 - SR). The variation of vein 2 - SR from entirely absent to entirely present and non-sclerotised vein is aptly shown in D. (D.) concinnum (Haliday, 1838) . Therefore, we agree with Zhu et al. (2017) to recognise Synaldis as a subgenus for convenience. Its position as separate genus likely will render the genus Dinotrema paraphyletic, and the loss of vein 2 - SR occurred probably more than once in Dinotrema and is variable within some taxa as illustrated by D. concinnum (König 1972) and the type species of the genus Synaldotrema (Belokobylskij and Tobias 2002) .