Cybaeus chauliodous Bennett

Figs 1–15, 49

Cybaeus chauliodous Bennett in Copley et al. 2009: 390, figs 85–98, 113. World Spider Catalog 2021. Type material examined. U.S.A.: California: Holotype male. Plumas County, south side of Lake Almanor, 5.ix.1959, V . D. Roth & W.J. Gertsch (AMNH) . Paratypes: Specimens and locality data in Copley et al. 2009.

Other material examined. U.S.A.: California: Shasta. 1♀, “Cave 91”, 40° 39' 34" N, 121° 25' 39" W, 5.v.2016, G.O. Graening & T . Rickman (CAS); 2♀, “Cave 94H dark zone”, 40° 39' 34" N, 121° 25' 39" W, 7.i.2018, T. R . Rickman & T . Blaschak (CAS) . Oregon: Josephine. 3♀, Grants Pass, 20.iv.1994, no collector (CAS). Other specimens and locality data in Copley et al. 2009 .

Diagnosis. The male of C. chauliodous is unlikely to be confused with the known males of the other species of the septatus species group. The single peg seta that is much larger than the others on the patellar apophysis (Figs 1–2, 5–7) and the swollen, lip-like tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 3–4, 8–9) distinguish the male of C. chauliodous (versus one peg seta only slightly larger than the others [Figs 22, 25] and tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis bluntly acuminate [Figs 23–24, 26] in C. septatus or one peg seta isolated in a proximal medial position on the patellar apophysis [Figs 34, 44, 47] and tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis sharply acuminate [Figs 33, 35–36, 45, 48] in C. somesbar and C. viator spec. nov.).

The female of C. chauliodous is most likely to be confused with the female of C. lockeae spec. nov. In female C. chauliodous the widely separated atrial openings are visible in dorsal view (Figs 12, 15) whereas in females of C. lockeae spec. nov., as well as C. septatus, C. somesbar, and C. viator spec. nov., the atrial openings are obscured by the vulval ducts in dorsal view (Figs 21, 29, 32, 39, 42). In addition, in female C. chauliodous the spermathecal heads are located antero-medially in the vulva in the vicinity of the atrial openings (Figs 12, 14–15) (versus in C. lockeae spec. nov. the heads are located very close to the Bennett’s glands [Figs 20–21]). Also, the females of C. chauliodous and C. septatus have relatively large atrial openings but these are conspicuous in C. chauliodous (Figs 10, 13) and inconspicuous in C. septatus (Fig. 27); in the females of C. somesbar and C. viator spec. nov. the atrial openings are very small and inconspicuous (Figs 37, 40); these atrial character states can be difficult to discern.

Description. As in diagnosis. For other descriptive characters see Copley et al. (2009).

Distribution and natural history. Northeastern California and inland southwestern Oregon (Fig. 49). Males have been collected from early September to mid-November. Recorded habitats are typical for species of Cybaeus: under rocks in pine ( Pinus L.) and mixed pine and oak ( Quercus L.) forests.