Rhysida longipes (Newport, 1845)

Figs 1, 4, 5

Rhysida longipes Kraepelin 1903: 148, fig. 91; Attems 1930: 193; Schileyko 2007: 82; Tran et al. 2013: 227; Schileyko and Stoev 2016: 257, figs 18, 22–24; Siriwut et al. 2018: 1017, figs 5 B, 6–8; Joshi et al. 2019: 835, figs 8.

Branchiostoma affine Kohlrausch, 1878: 67; Kraepelin 1903: 148.

Otostigmus simplex Attems, 1930: 153; Lewis 2002: 1690, figs 8–11.

Examined materials.

Vietnam • 1 specimen; Dien Bien Province, Muong Nhe NR, residential area; 21.21278°N, 103.39833°E; 610 m a. s. l., May 2018; H. D. Nguyen leg.; DB 020 ; • 23 specimens; Thai Binh Province, Tien Hai NR, coniferous forest; 20.25306°N, 106.59306°E; 08 m a. s. l.; 2021; H. D. Nguyen leg.; HNUE CHI 1068 to 1070, 1072, 1073, 1075 to 1080, 1082, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1090, 1091, 1095, 1096, 1099, 1101, 1103 ; • 1 specimen; Ha Nam Province, agricultural land; 20.59323°N, 105.97150°E; 6 m a. s. l.; 2017; H. T. T. Nguyen leg.; Hna.001; • 1 specimen; Hanoi, Ba Vi NP, natural forest; 21.08346°N, 105.35920°E; 460 m a. s. l.; Aug. 2016; S. X. Le leg.; BV.SL.013 ; • 7 specimens; Hanoi, agricultural land • 3 specimens; Hanoi, Cau Giay district; 21.04000°N, 105.13389°E; 13 m a. s. l.; 2017; H. D. Nguyen & B. T. T. Tran leg.; HN 001, HN 101, HN 102 ; • 2 specimens; Hanoi, Tay Ho district; 21.06906°N, 105.79577°E; 15 m a. s. l.; May 2023; D. X. Le leg.; VRTC.HN 022, VRTC.HN 023 • 1 specimen; Hanoi, Long Bien district, 21.05233°N, 105.88749°E; 10 m a. s. l.; 20 Aug. 2023; S. X. Le leg.; VRTC.HN.025 ; • 5 specimens; QUANG BINH Province, coniferous forest; S. X. Le leg.; 11 May 2022: VRTC.BTr.001 and VRTC.BTr.003: 17.49535°N, 106.62392°E, 5 m a. s. l.; VRTC.BTr.002: 17.49481°N, 106.62323°E, 5 m a. s. l.; VRTC.BTr.004: 17.49823°N, 106.62072°E, 10 m a. s. l.; VRTC.BTr.005: 17.49949°N, 106.62004°E, 8 m a. s. l.; • 3 specimens collected by S. X. Le in residential area on 11 May 2022: VRTC.BTr.006: 17.49769°N, 106.61829°E; 8 m a. s. l.; VRTC.BTr.007 and VRTC.BTr.008: 17.49795°N, 106.61936°E, 6 m a. s. l.; • 202 specimens; Khanh Hoa Province, Truong Sa islands; residential area, 6.50000 –12.0000 °N, 111.50000– 117.33333°E; below 15 m a. s. l.; 2020 and 2021; S. X. Le, T. N. Nguyen, D. T. Dinh and H. B. Truong leg.; KCB.TS.04.001 to 003, 011, 016, 019, 021 to 023, 033, 040, 046, 102, 103, 201, 203 to 204, 206 to 209, 214 to 215, 217, 219 to 229, 301 to 303, 305 to 307, 310, 402 to 411, 414 to 421, 423 to 425, 427 to 431, 501, 506, 511 to 512, 515 to 518, 520, 526 to 527, 529, 531 to 534, 536 to 537, 539 to 544, 601 to 618, 620 to 621, 623 to 632, 701, 702 to 721, 723 to 726, 728 to 740, 745 to 746, 801 to 804, 807 to 819, 821 to 830, 832, 837, 840 to 842, 844 to 846, 901 to 904, 906, 908 .

Diagnosis.

Body with 21 LBS. LBS 7 th with spiracles. Antennae (Fig. 4 A, B) composed of 18 articles, of which three basal ones glabrous dorsally. Cephalic plate (Fig. 4 A) without lateral and posterior marginations; posterior edge straight and covered by tergite 1. Forcipular segment (Fig. 4 B) smooth; tooth plates with 4 + 4 teeth obviously; coxosternite with short median suture starting from toothplate. Tergites without short median sulcus; paramedian sutures complete on tergites 4 (5) – 19 (Figs 4 C, 5 A); lateral marginations incomplete on tergites 6 (10) – 20 and complete on tergite 21 (Figs 4 C, 5 A). Sternites 3–20 with incomplete (10–15 % length of sternites) paramedian sutures (Figs 4 B – D, 5 B). Coxopleural process long with 2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spine, without dorsal spine (Fig. 5 B). Leg 1 present or absent femoral spur (Fig. 4 A, B). Prefemoral spines on ultimate legs with 2–3 VL, 2–5 VM, 0–1 M, and 1–3 DM spines; prefemoral process of ultimate legs very short with 1 spine (Fig. 5 C).

Remarks.

Our examined specimens have similar morphological characteristics to those described by Siriwut et al. (2018) and Joshi et al. (2019). There is a small difference in the starting of lateral marginations and paramedian sutures. Our specimens showed the lateral marginations start from tergite 4 (5) and paramedian sutures start from 6 (8), but these start from tergites 5–8 and tergites 8–11, respectively, in Siriwut et al. (2018), and tergites 7–8 and tergites 4–7, respectively, in Joshi et al. (2019).

Distribution.

This species is widespread in tropical mainland and island regions. It occurs in Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles, and Mauritius), Central and South America (Mexico, Peru, Cuba, and Haiti), and Central, East, and Southeast Asia (China, Taiwan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Chagos Islands, Yemen, Pakistan, Iran, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea) (Siriwut et al. 2018; Joshi et al. 2019).

In Vietnam, it has been recorded from Thua Thien Hue (Hai Van Pass); Dong Nai (Ma Da); Khanh Hoa (Spratly Islands); and Kien Giang (Phu Quoc Island) (Attems, 1938; Schileyko, 2007; Son et al. 2022); and in Dien Bien, Thai Binh, Hanoi, Ha Nam, and Quang Binh (in this study). The distribution of R. longipes was further updated (Fig. 1).