Phalangopsinae

Both genera of Phalangopsinae showed karyotypes with a high difference in chromosome number, with E. meridionalis and E. septentrionalis with 2n = 11♁ and 2n = 14♀, respectively, while E. onthophagus presented 2n = 19♁ (Figs 12–14). These species showed the X0♁-XX ♀ sex-determining system, with the X chromosome metacentric, little smaller than the bivalents of the pair 1 (Tab. 2).

The karyotype of E. onthophagus is symmetrical, with FN = 36, composed of three metacentrics pairs (1, 7 and 8), and six submetacentrics pairs (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9) (Fig. 12, Tabs 1–2). The karyotype of E. meridionalis is symmetrical, with FN = 20, including all M/SM chromosomes, while E. septentrionalis is irregular, as it has two pairs of acrocentric (5 and 6), but with a small difference in size when compared to pairs 1, 2, 3 and 4, all of them M/SMs (Figs 13–14, Tabs 1–2).