Vespa orientalis Linnaeus, 1771

Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (Giordani Soika 1957 as Vespa orientalis arabica Giordani Soika, 1957 and V. orientalis somalica Giordani Soika, 1934; Richards 1985b; Walker & Pittaway 1987), Kuwait (Walker & Pittaway 1987; Al-Houty 1989, 1997), Oman (Giordani Soika 1957 as V. o. arabica and V. o. somalica; Richards 1985b; Walker & Pittaway 1987; Monks et al. 2019), United Arab Emirates (Walker & Pittaway 1987; Gillett & Gillett 2005 as V. o. orientalis; Howarth & Gillett 2008 as V. o. orientalis; Gusenleitner 2010; Gess & Roosenschoon 2016).

Extralimital distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chad, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Nepal, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; introduced Madagascar, Mexico, U.S.A. (not established).