Harmandiola cavernosa (Rübsaamen, 1899)

(Figure 20)

Material: AAY, Tvedestrand: Askerøya, Kibbevik, 58.610887°N 9.077196°E ± 4m, 19 June 2021, LPF, leg. HE, coll. NHMO; TEY, Porsgrunn: Eidsberg, Olavsberget camping, 59.1111814°N 9.7121003°E ± 100m, 16 June 2019, L, leg. SH, BOLD: NHMO-ENT-548095, coll. NHMO; AK, Asker: Brønnøya, Pilbogen plot 41/177, 59.853934°N 10.527666°E ± 3m, 31 May 2020, L, leg. HE & TS, coll. NHMO; Oslo: Ellingsrud, 59.936680°N 10.920363°E ± 50m, 17 June 2022, L, leg. HE, coll. NHMO; NSY, Gildeskål: Sund, Sundsfjellet, 67.065054°N 14.063000°E ± 4m, 18 July 2020, L, leg. HE, coll. NHMO; Sund, Hestvikodden, 67.062185°N 14.089717°E ± 10m, 9 July 2021, LPMF, leg. HE, coll. NHMO.

Biology: The orange larvae develop in leaf galls on Populus spp. ( Salicaceae). Our records are all from P. tremula . The gall is about 5 mm across, thick walled, and protrudes on both sides of the leaf but mainly on the underside. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation in the soil.

Distribution: Widespread in Europe including Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. Georgia, Kazakhstan and central Siberia.