Anthocoris gallarumulmi (De Geer, 1773)

Cimex gallarumumi De Geer, 1773: 273 (as new species); Cimex gallorum Turton, 1802: 682); Lygaeus nemorum var. Fallén, 1807: 72; Lygaeus nemorum var. Fallén, 1807: 72; Anthocoris nemoralis Fallén, 1829: 67 (non Fabricius, 1794); Rhynarius pratensis Hahn, 1832: 107 (non Fabricius, 1794); Anthocoris nemorum var. c Zetterstedt, 1838: 265; Anthocoris nemorum var. d Zetterstedt, 1838: 265; Anthocoris nemoralis var. ghilianii Ferrari, 1878: 92; Anthocoris pratensis var. femoralis Westhoff, 1881: 79; Anthocoris pratensis var. melanocerus Westhoff, 1881: 79 .

Cimex gallae Müller, 1764: 29; Cimex fulvomaculatus Goeze, 1778: 266; Cimex constellaris Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785: 204 and Cimex erythropus Gmelin, 1790: 2185 are all suspected to be synonyms by Reuter (1884).

Note. Sometimes written as Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi (Péricart 1972) .

Distribution in Iran. Fars (Erfanfar & Ostovan 2002), Golestan (Abd-Rabou & Ghahari 2006; Ghahari et al. 2011), Semnan (Modarres Awal 1997; Abd-Rabou & Ghahari 2006), Iran (no exact locality cited) (Modarres Awal 1997).

General distribution. West Palaearctic and Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Asian Turkey, Azerbaijan).

Plant associates. Hibiscus esculentus (Malvaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2011), Ulmus sp. ( Ulmaceae) (Péricart 1972).

Prey records. Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Modarres Awal 1997), whiteflies ( Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Abd-Rabou & Ghahari 2006), Eriosoma ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758), E. lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae), Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae), Psyllopsis fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Péricart 1972), Eriosoma patchiae (Börner & Blunk 1916) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Saulich & Musolin 2009).

Biology. A. gallarumulmi is univoltine with overwintering adults which become active at the beginning of April after at least 75 days of low temperature. Larvae develop in the galls of their preys and new adults appear from end of June to mid August (Saulich & Musolin 2009).