Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761)

Cimex nebulosus Poda, 1761: 56; Cimex baccarum Scopoli, 1763: 123 (non Linnaeus, 1758); Cimex atomarius Fabricius, 1775: 712; Cimex sagittifer Goeze, 1778: 274; Cimex interstinctus Schrank, 1781: 273 (non Linnaeus, 1758); Cimex lentiginosus Gmelin, 1790: 2135; Cimex griseus Fabricius, 1794 (non Linnaeus, 1758); Cimex punctipennis Illiger, 1807: 372; Cimex nigrovarius Gravenhorst, 1807: 348; Pentatoma stigmatica Palisot de Beauvois, 1811: 128; Menida fusca Moltschulsky, 1861: 23; Rhaphigaster nebulosa var. impunctata Garbiglietti, 1869: 52 .

Distribution in Iran. Alborz (Babmorad 1993; Hoberlandt 1997), Ardabil (Modarres Awal 1987, 1996b, 1997b; Linnavuori 2008), East Azarbaijan (Wagner 1968; Modarres Awal 1997a, b; Nikdel et al. 2011), Fars (Linnavuori 2012), Golestan (Jakovlev 1877; Heiss 2002), Guilan (Linnavuori 2008), Khorasan (Modarres Awal 2008; Nateq Golestan & Modarres Awal 2012), Lorestan (Hoberlandt 1955; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b), Mazandaran (Hoberlandt 1955, 1997; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Sakenin et al. 2008), Qazvin (Hoberlandt 1997), Tehran (Hoberlandt 1955, 1997; Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Wagner 1968; Modarres Awal 1997b; Heiss 2002; Linnavuori 2008), West Azarbaijan (Nateq Golestan 2004; Nateq Golestan et al. 2004, 2010a, b, c, 2011), Zanjan (Safavi 1959; Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b; Linnavuori 2008), Southern Iran (no locality cited) (Modarres Awal 1997b), Iran (no locality cited) (Oshanin 1906; Hoberlandt 1961; Rider 2006; Ribes & Pagola Carte 2013).

General distribution. Europe except Great Britain and Scandinavia, Maghreb, Near East, Caucasus, Central Asia, Pakistan.

Host plants. On elm, oriental plane (Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b), Populus sp. ( Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1961; Modarres Awal 1997b; Nateq Golestan et al. 2011; Nateq Golestan & Modarres Awal 2012), Malus sp. ( Malaceae) (Modarres Awal 1996b), apple (Modarres Awal 1997b), Crataegus sp. ( Malaceae), Platanus sp. ( Platanaceae) (Heiss 2002), Populus nigra ( Salicaceae), Quercus macranthera ( Fagaceae), Sorghum halepense ( Poaceae), Ulmus minor ( Ulmaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008), Prunus domestica ( Rosaceae) (Nateq Golestan et al. 2011; Nateq Golestan & Modarres Awal 2012). Also on Fagaceae, Salicaceae, Corylaceae (Dusoulier & Lupoli 2006), on several Rosaceae, Anacardiaceae (Ribes & Pagola Carte 2013) .