Spicara smaris (Linnaeus 1758) —Picarel

Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Smaris alcedo, C.V. by Gruvel (1931: 90); subsequently recorded as Spicara smaris (Linnaeus 1758) by George et al. (1964: 18); as Spicara smaris (Linnaeus) by Mouneimné (1977: 64); as Spicara smaris (Linnaeus 1758) by Mouneimné (2002: 179–180); recently recorded as Spicara smaris by Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2005: 628) and as Spicara smaris by Bariche et al. (2009: 3). Material in collection: ANSP, AUBM, BMNH, MCZ, YPM and USNM (as Maena smaris and Spicara smaris).

Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Canary Islands.

Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 22 August 2009); Med. (LC: 14 November 2007). Capture and threats: FIT, FIB, unknown. Occurrence: Common. Low priority for conservation action .