Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) —European pilchard

Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Clupea pilchardus, Walb. by Gruvel (1931: 84); subsequently recorded as Sardina pilchardus (Risso 1826) by George et al. (1964: 11); as Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) by Mouneimné (1977: 61); as Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) by Mouneimné (2002: 69); recently recorded as Sardina pilchardus by Bariche et al. (2007: 112). Material in collection: AMNH, ANSP, AUBM, BMNH, FMNH, MCZ, UF and USNM.

Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic.

Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 20 May 2013); Med. (LC: 14 November 2007). Capture and threats: FIT, HAB, NIS, unknown. Occurrence: Very common. Low priority for conservation action .