Luciola cruciata Motsch.

Figs 25–30, 69, 81, 82

Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854:53 . For economy of scale the references in McDermott, 1966:102 are not repeated here. Bertrand, 1972:599, 601; 1973 Fig. 7. Ohba, 2001:45. Fu et al. 2009:155.

Material examined. JAPAN: Five fifth instars bred from an original population of three males and a female collected from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, June 5, 2008 (NHMHAU).

Diagnosis. Similar to larvae of Aquatica spp., distinguished by the dorsal colour patterns, especially that of the protergum; protergum with extensive median dark area narrowly prolonged in the middle along anterior and posterior margins; dark area may extend to sides; most of posterior half of thoracic terga obliquely pale across corners and narrowly across posterior margin; pale areas across posterior margins of most abdominal terga restricted to 2 separate areas with the outer area larger; median line wide (maximum width across abdominal terga 3, 4), and terga widely separated (Figs 81, 82; Okada 1928, Fig 1a, Plate VIII E); eversible organs when everted with anterior and posterior branches longer and thinner than those of Aq. leii or Aq. lateralis (Fu et al. 2009 Table 1); glands with 6 or more spines including 2 median spines; antennal segment 3 with closely adpressed finger like projections subequal in length to adjacent sense cone (Figs 25, 27, 28); mandibles lacking retinaculum (Fig. 69); palpi with terminal sense organs (Figs 25, 26, 29, 30).

Remarks. Okada (1928: Fig. 1a, page 102) depicts the everted defensive organs above the lateral gills. Figures 81 and 82 herein do not show everted abdominal glands.

FIGURES 25–30. Luciola cruciata larval head, 5th instar, SEM. 25–26 anterior, dorsal surface uppermost; 27 right antenna; 28 dorsal; 29 ventral; 30 apical maxillary palpomere.