Euscelinus sarawacus Westwood, 1882

(Figures 5 A-G, 6 A–E, 7A, B)

Euscelinus sarawacus Westwood, 1882, p. 26, sex not indicated.

Material examined. 1♀, 1♂.

Diagnosis. Female: Body length: 4.1 mm (excluding ovipositor).

Body dark brown to dark ferruginous (Figure 5A, B), with some paler areas (see Figures 5D, E, 6A, B, 7A); legs as in Figure 6C; antenna pale brown, darkened towards apex (Figure 5F). Forewing (Figure 6D) with pterostigma dark brown, pale yellow at base; antenna shorter than body, 0.65× as long as body, slender, with all flagellomeres distinctly longer than wide, 27-segmented; scape relatively short and swollen, 1.6× as long as wide, distinctly shorter than F1, 0.58× as long as F1, F1 coarsely rugose along its ventral basal two-thirds, smooth dorsally; anterior surface of mesoscutum conspicuously elevated or raised above pronotum (subvertical) when seen in lateral view, smooth and shiny anteriorly and laterally, coarsely rugose medially to posterior margin; notauli present anteriorly, crenulate, shallow posteriorly; fore tibia with a single row of three or more short, oblique, dark spines on dorsal surface near to middle; metafemur robust, swollen, 2.2× as long as its maximum width, with nine unequal whitish sharp teeth ventrally, of which third is the longest (Figure 6C); metasoma (Figure 7A) oval, non-petiolate; T1 1.5× as long as apical width, coarsely rugose, with pale baso-lateral protrusion, with two longitudinal median carinae that are widely separated at basal fourth and narrowly separated in the reminder; T2 wider than long, 0.57× as long as wide, with basal area finely rugose, rest of T2 and remaining tergites nearly smooth and shiny; ovipositor long, 1.1× as long as metasoma, minutely serrated along its whole length, more distinct along the black area.

Male. Body length: 3.44 mm.

Distinctly slenderer than the female, and differs from female in the following: body smaller and paler (Figure 5C), basal half of metatibia whitish; metasoma distinctly slender (Figures 5C, 7B); antenna 23-segmented (Figure 5G); F1 slightly shorter than F2 (Figure 5G); T1 1.64× as long as its apical width (Figure 7B); T2 0.7× as long as wide (Figure 7B); propodeal dorsal surface nearly smooth and shiny baso-laterally.

Distribution. Australia, India, Israel-Palestine, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, USA (Yu et al. 2016; Ghahari et al. 2022), Syria (new record).

Host records. Recorded as a parasitoid of several coleopteran hosts of the family Bostrichidae: Amphicerus bimaculatus on Punica granatum L. (Halperin 1986; Čapek 1992; present study), Dinederus minutus (Fabricius) on Bambusa sp. ( Poaceae), Scobisia chevieri (Villa and Villa) on Ceratonia siliqua L. ( Fabaceae), Sinoxylon ceratoniae (Linnaeus) on Dalbergia sisoo Roxb and Delonix regia RAF ( Fabaceae), S. sexdentatus (Olivier) on Acacia sp. ( Fabaceae) (Halperin 1986; Čapek 1992). In addition to Heterobostrychus aequalis (Waterhouse) (Beeson and Chatterjee 1935; Belokobylskij et al. 2004b), and Sinoxylon unidentatum (Fabricius) (Beardsley 1961; Belokobylskij et al. 2004b). Based on Gupta and van Achterberg (2022), this species has been reared from Mangifera indica Linnaeus ( Anacardiaceae) by Sharma (1983, as Euremeros mangifera Sharma).

Comments. Euscelinus sarawacus is a new record for the Syrian fauna, reared from Amphicerus bimaculatus attacking P. granatum . Characters of the Syrian specimens agree with almost all diagnosis of Australasian specimens mentioned in Belokobylskij et al. (2004b), except for the following: antennal F1 nearly straight, slightly longer than F1 (Figure 5F) (curved, shorter than F 1 in the generic diagnosis); hind tibia without spines along its dorsal surface (with several thick spines along dorsal surface in the generic diagnosis); hind basitarsus about as long as following tarsomeres combined (Figure 6C) (0.6× as long as following tarsomeres combined in the generic diagnosis); vein 1 m-cu more or less interstitial (Figure 6D) (postfurcal in generic diagnosis); ovipositor slightly longer than metasoma (Figure 7A) (shorter than metasoma in the generic diagnosis).

It also agrees with Čapek’s (1992) characters of the Israel specimens; however, it differs in the following: only protibia of the Syrian specimens with a row of short setae along its surface (all tibiae of Israel specimens with such row of spines); male antenna 23- segmented (Figure 5G) (16–22-segmented in Israelian males); metasomal T 1 in male 1.64× as long as its apical width (Figure 7B) (1.8× in Israel males). It also agrees with Figure 3 (Čapek 1992, p. 193), except for the absence of the row of spines along dorsal side of metatibia.

The Syrian male greatly resembles Figure 4 of the Indian male (Gupta and van Achterberg 2022, p. 581).