3.3. 2. Dilocarcinus spinifer H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Figures 1 B, E, 2 (L 2), 5 F, G

Dilocarcinus spinifer H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 215 — H. Milne Edwards 1854: 178, pl. 14 fig. 3, 3 a – e; A. Milne-Edwards 1869: 176, 178 (in key). — Young 1900: 231 (in key), 234. — Moreira 1901: 44 (in list), 49, 109 (in list). — Rodríguez 1981: 48 (in list). — Rodríguez 1992: 128, fig. 45. — Holthuis 1994: 9. — Pereira and Berrestein 2006: 58, tab. 4.1 (in list).

Dilocarcinus castelnaui — H. Milne Edwards 1853: 216 [part, 1 ♂, MNHN 3866]. — H. Milne Edwards 1854: 182 [part, 1 ♂, MNHN 3866]. — Smith 1870: 36 [part] (in list).

Orthostoma spiniferum Ortmann, 1897: 326 (in key), 327.

Trichodactylus (Dilocarcinus) spinifer — Rathbun 1904: 242 (in list). — Rathbun 1906: 60 [part], pl. 18 fig. 1, text-fig. 121. — Holthuis 1959: 216, text-figs 50 c, 52.

Dilocarcinus (Dilocarcinus) spinifer — Bott 1969: 45, pl. 8, figs 15 a, b; pl. 20, fig. 46.

Dilocarcinus septemdentatus — Magalhães and Türkay 1996 a: 67, table 1 (in list) [part], 69, table 2 (in list) [part], 78 (in list) [part], fig. 17. — Magalhães and Türkay 1996 b: 139. — Magalhães 2003: 206, figs 108 (map) [part], 109 c, d. — Magalhães and Türkay 2008: 187 [part], figs 1, 2, 4 a, b, 6 [part, not figs 3, 5]. — Collins et al. 2009: 51, fig. 1 A, A′. — Magalhães et al. 2018: 4, table 1 (in list), 9 (in list), 32, fig. 12 (map). — Andrade et al. 2018: 3, figs 1 A (map), 2 C. — Magalhães 2016: 431 (in list) [part]. — Santos and Vieira 2017: 3, figs 1–9.

Diagnosis.

G 1 (Fig. 5 F) with distal portion straight or slightly inclined laterally; subdistal lobe inconspicuous or weakly developed; apex slightly longer than the distal lobe.

Description.

Carapace (Fig. 5 G) smooth, strongly convex longitudinally; frontal margin unarmed, slightly bilobed to nearly straight; anterolateral margins with 6–7 acute teeth behind exorbital tooth. Pleonal somites III – VI fused and smooth. G 1 (Fig. 5 F) with distal portion straight or slightly inclined laterally; lateral border slightly sinuous, with few short setae medially and dense patch of long setae along basal portion; marginal suture running along mesial surface, twisted towards lateral side very close to apex; lateroventral side with weakly developed rounded subdistal lobe; field of short spines continuous, located subterminally on lateroventral side, denser along lateral surface of subdistal lobe, extending distally to dorsal surface; subapical bristles, when present, in small number; apex directed laterally, slightly longer than subdistal lobe; distal aperture very narrow, slit-like, directed laterally.

Type material.

Lectotype (designated herein): 1 ♂ (cw 38.8, cl 31.8), dry, MNHN 4391, French Guiana, Cayenne, Saint-Armand coll. — Paralectotype: 1 ♂ (cw 31.1, cl 27.5), dry, MNHN 3867, French Guiana, Cayenne, Saint-Armand col.

Type locality.

Cayenne, French Guiana.

Material examined.

SURINAME: • 1 ♂, INPA 354 • 1 ♂, NHM 1959.3. 20.6, 1838, I. T. Sanderson • 1 ♂ (cw 37.5, cl 31.0), RMNH D 5332, 7. vi. 1944, D. C. Geijkes • 1 ♂ (cw 22.6, cl 20.2), RMNH D 3231, Suriname River, 21–28. ix. 1938, D. C. Geijkes. — Paramaribo District : • 2 ♂ (cw 48.2, cl 37.8; 48.7: 39.9), ZMB 12981, near Paramaribo, C. Heller. — Saramacca District : • 1 ♂ (cw 43.9, cl 33.9), INPA 353, Saramacca, Toni Holo, iv. 1959, D. C. Geijkes. — Marowijne District : • 1 ♂ (cw 36.4, cl 29.9), RMNH D 12359, 14.6 Km N. V. Moengatapoe, 11. x. 1948, Suriname Exped. 1948–49 • 2 ♂♂ (cw 23.6, cl 20.3; cw 35.7, cl 29.9) 2 ♀♀ (cw 16.0, cl 14.5; cw 19.2, cl 17.0), RMNH D 12123, 8.4 Km N. V. Moengotapoe, 6. x. 1948, Suriname Exped. 1948–49. — Brokopondo District : • 2 ♂♂, NHM 1959.3. 20.7-8, near Donderberg, about 91.5 km of Paramaribo, 04. xi, 1938, I. T. Sanderson • 4 ♂♂ (cw 31.0, cl 26.5 – 43.6: 36.0) 2 ♀♀ (cw 31.5, cl 27.7; cw 35.7, cl 30.5), RMNH D 21247, creek tributary of Suriname River near Brokopondo, 13. iv. 1965, G. F. Mees • 1 ♂ (cw 25.7, cl 22.1), RMNH D 21530, Suriname riviertussen, N. V. Kabel, 2. vi. 1964, M. Boeseman • 2 ♂ (cw?, cl?; cw 29.4, cl 24.9), RMNH D 3237, Kabelstation, Makambikreek, 27. ix. 1938, D. C. Geijkes. — Sipaliwini District : • 3 ♂ (cw 38.7, cl 32.8 – cw 41.1, cl 34.2), 1 ♀ (cw 30.2, cl 26.8), RMNH D 27200, creek trib. of Fallawatra river, upper Nickerie river, 2. ii. 1971, M. Boeseman • 1 ♂ (cw 45.7, cl 38.0), SMF 4887, Sipaliwini, Awara creek, trib. of Suriname river, 1.5 Km S. from Botopasi, 18. iii. 1967, H. Nijssen • 1 ♀ (cw 22.9, cl 20.4), MZUSP 1885, Anapaike village [= Kawemhaven, 03 ° 24 ′ 42 ″ N 54 ° 01 ′ 16 ″ W], 24. xi. 1963, B. Malkin . FRENCH GUIANA: • 2 ♂ (cw 38.7, cl 32.7; cw 40.3, cl 32.8), NHML 1890.10. 7.106. 7, Cayenne, K. R. Jelski . BRAZIL: • 1 ♂ (cw 46.3, cl 35.6 mm), USNM 32009, Amazon River region, Pará to Manaus, J. B. Steere • 2 ♂♂ (cw 16.6, cl 14.1; cw 34.0, cl 27.9), NHMW 6661, unknown locality, date and collector. — Amazonas: • 1 ♀ (cw 27.8, cl 21.8), NHMW 6642, rio Negro, J. Natterer • 1 ♂ (35.7: 27.8), INPA 2563, Iranduba, rio Solimões, ponta do Catalão, lago do Pirapora, braço do paraná do Ximborena, 03 ° 11 ′ S 59 ° 55 ′ W, 24. v. 2000, L. Rapp Py-Daniel et al . • 2 ♂♂ (cw 33.1, cl 26.5; 37.5: 29.5) 2 ♀♀ (cw 29.7, cl 24.1; cw 35.1, cl 27.9), SMF 29879, rio Juruá, lago do Rato / Caroçal, Carauari, 05 ° 43 ′ 02.4 ″ S 67 ° 42 ′ 12.8 ″ W, 6. iv. 2000, J. Zuanon. — Pará : • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, INPA 1509, Tracuateua, 10. ix. 2004, S. Alves • 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, MPEG 937, Peixe Boi, balneário Urubuquara, 01 ° 10 ′ 20.5 ″ S 47 ° 18 ′ 56.7 ″ W, 11. iii. 2010, D. Guimarães and I. M. Silva • 1 ♂, CCDB 7593, igarapé unnamed, tributary of rio Livramento, municipality of Nova Timboteua, 01. ii. 2019, M. A. Almeida, F. A. Bockmann, A. L. H. Esguícero, J. Muriel-Cunha, D. F. Regasso, E. L. Reis, P. P. Rizzato, V. Slobodian and O. G. Victório • 1 ♂ (cw 53.0, cl 40.0), MPEG 697, fazenda EMA, município de Viseu, 15. vi. 2000, J. O. Dias • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CCDB 7592, igarapé Borges, tirbutary of rio Piripindeu, rio Irituia basin, rio Guamá drainage, municipality of Irituia, 02. ii. 2019, M. A. Almeida, F. A. Bockmann, A. L. H. Esguícero, J. Muriel-Cunha, D. F. Regasso, E. L. Reis, P. P. Rizzato, V. Slobodian and O. G. Victório • 1 ♂ (cw 41.7, cl 33.8), MZUSP 1806, rio Gurupi, iv. 1963, B. Malkin • 2 ♂♂ (cw 34.7, cl 28.6; cw 48.8, cl 37.0), MZUSP 2317, rio Gurupi, aldeia Coraci, 12 Km W. from Canindé, 16–26. iv. 1963, B. Malkin • 1 ♂ (cw 27.3, cl 23.3) 1 ♀ (cw 26.5, cl 22.0), INPA 513, idem • 1 ♂, CCDB 7118, rio Xingu, Vitória do Xingu, 03 ° 14 ′ 42.9 ″ S 51 ° 44 ′ 50.8 ″ W, 01. iv. 2012, D. Bastos; 1 ♂, INPA 2504, rio Xingu, 03 ° 19 ′ 30.7 ″ S, 51 ° 52 ′ 18.2 ″ W 5. iv. 2012, D. Bastos • 4 ♂♂, INPA 2505, rio Xingu, 03 ° 28 ′ 07.7 ″ S 51 ° 52 ′ 40.4 ″ W, 4. x. 2012, D. Bastos • 1 ♂, CCDB 7117, rio Xingu, Vitória do Xingu, 03 ° 30 ′ 30 ″ S 51 ° 53 ′ 05.8 ″ W, 03. iv. 2012, D. Bastos et al . • 3 ♂♂, CCDB 5034, rio Bacajaí, Altamira, 03 ° 36 ′ 13 ″ S 51 ° 46 ′ 03.5 ″ W, 10. iii. 2014, R. Robles et al. — Maranhão : • 11 ♂♂ (cw 21.0, cl 17.9 – cw 49.3, cl 38.7) 3 ♀♀ (cw 22.2, cl 18.7 – cw 28.6, cl 22.9), MZUSP 1807, aldeia Araçu, igarapé Gurupi-Una, afluente do rio Gurupi, 50 Km E from Canindé [≈ 02 ° 34 ′ S 46 ° 31 ″ W], 1–15. v. 1963, B. Malkin • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CCUFMA 15, rio Repouso, Chapadinha, 24. iii. 2015, J. L. S. Nunes. — Acre : • 1 ♂, CCDB 7116, igarapé Quinoá, rio Branco, 2016–2018, F. Correa . PERU: 1 ♂ (cw 38.4, cl?), MZUSP 9248, Departamento de Loreto, río Ampiyacu, 15–25. iv. 1966, B. Malkin. — Goiás : • 1 ♂, dry (damaged) (MNHN 3866), Salinas [≈ 13 ° 38 ′ S 50 ° 30 ′ W], Ht Amazone, F. de Castelnau and E. Deville .

Previous records.

BRAZIL, Maranhão: municipality of Paulino Neves, riacho São José, 02 ° 49 ′ 26.2 ″ S 42 ° 32 ′ 38.3 ″ W (Andrade et al. 2018). Pará: municipality of Primavera, igarapé Rio Preto (00 ° 59 ′ 59.2 ″ S 47 ° 06 ′ 53.7 ″ W) (Santos and Vieira 2017). ARGENTINA, Santa Fe: Salado River, Santo Tomé (31 ° 39 ′ S 60 ° 45 ′ W); San Javier River (29 ° 13 ′ S 59 ° 35 ′ W); Colastiné River, Colastiné Sur (31 ° 37 ′ S 60 ° 34 ′ W); Setúbal lagoon, Rincón (31 ° 35 ′ S 60 ° 39 ′ W); Los Amores stream (28 ° 51 ′ S 59 ° 29 ′ W); Parque del Sur lake, Santa Fe city (31 ° 39 ′ S 60 ° 42 ′ W) (Collins et al. 2009).

Distribution.

Northern and southern South America, occurring in coastal river basins from Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil (states of Pará and Maranhão), the Amazon River basin in Brazil and Peru, the Araguaia-Tocantins Rivers basin, and the middle Paraná River basin in northern Argentina (Fig. 6 B) (Magalhães and Türkay 2008; Collins et al. 2009; present paper).

Remarks.

Both male syntypes of D. spinifer are dried specimens that are glued by the abdomen to the base of the box in which they are preserved. The left G 1 of the larger specimen (MNHN 4391) was regenerated in 1988 (according to handwritten note by Danièle Guinot in the box with the specimen – see Fig. 5 G), being currently preserved in a vial with 70 % alcohol, which allowed us to illustrate it (Fig. 5 F). Because of this, it was chosen herein as lectotype.

The three species studied here exhibit a sympatric and sometimes even syntopic geographic distribution (Fig. 6). Based on the current records, D. spinifer seems to have the widest distribution. It extends further east and south than that of D. septemdentatus (Fig. 6 A), as evidenced by the occurrences reported by Andrade et al. (2018) from the state of Maranhão and by Collins et al. (2009) from northern Argentina (both records as D. septemdentatus), respectively. The identity of the specimens from Maranhão was confirmed as D. spinifer after examining Andrade’s et al. (2018) material (N. F. C. F., pers. observation). The disjunct distribution of D. spinifer in the middle Paraná River basin is somewhat unexpected. Unfortunately, the specimens recorded from the area (Collins et al. 2009) could not be reexamined. Those listed as being deposited in the Macrocrustaceans Laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Limnología (ML-INALI) in Argentina were lost during a flood of the Paraná River that destroyed the ML-INALI facilities (P. A. Collins, pers. communication to C. M.). The specimens deposited at the Florentino Ameghino Natural Museum (FANM), a municipality museum used mainly for environmental education purposes, could not be found by one of us (C. M.) during a visit made in December 2012. However, judging by the illustration in Collins et al. (2009: 51, fig. 1 A), the G 1 exhibits a morphology that appears to be very much similar to that of D. spinifer .

The specimen figured by Rathbun (1906: 61, text-fig. 121, pl. 18 fig. 1) was the male from the lot USNM 32009, which contains two small labels indicating “ Photographed ” and “ Abd. fig. ” (C. M., pers. observation).