Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov.

Figures 1 C, 7, 10B, 12A, 15C, 19C, 21D, 22D, 23S–V, 41A, 42A, 43A, D, 44A, 45

Androctonus agamemnon C.L. Koch, 1839: 103– 105, pl. CCV, fig. 506.

Tityus agamemnon: C.L. Koch, 1850: 91; Pocock, 1902 b: 377.

Heteroctenus agamemnon: Pocock, 1893: 393 .

Centrurus agamemnon: Kraepelin, 1895: 95; 1899: 89, 94; 1908: 187, 190, 194; Penther, 1913: 240.

Rhopalurus borellii Pocock, 1902 b: 377, 378 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 128); 1902a: 37; Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 276, 285, 286; 1924b: 318, 342, 351, 352; Werner, 1927: 358; Prado, 1939: 6; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 270, 272; Bücherl, 1959: 268; Lucas et al., 1981: 129, table 2.

Rhopalurus agamemnon: Pocock, 1902 a: 37; Mello- Campos, 1924a: 252, 275, 276; 1924b: 318, 341, 342; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 14, 30; Prado, 1940: 25, 27; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 269, 270; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119; Lourenço, 1982 a: 123, 136, figs. 1, 64–76, 78, table 1; 1986a: 133, fig. 15; 1986b: 165, fig. 7; 1990: 161; 1992: 55; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 218; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Lourenço, 2008: 6; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 41, 50, 59, 66, figs. 2A, 5A; Porto et al., 2010: 292– 295, table 1; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122.

Centrurus intermedius Penther, 1913: 240 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 123).

Rhopalurus acromelas Lutz and Mello, 1922 a: 25, 26; Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 276, 282, 283, pl. 11, fig. 38; 1924b: 318, 342, 347, 348, pl. 11, fig. 38; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello- Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 29; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 267– 269; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lou- renço, 1982a: 128, 129, 135, 137, figs. 77, 78, table 1; 1986a: 133, fig. 11; 1986b: 165, fig. 7; 1990: 161; 1992: 55; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 217, 218; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2; Lourenço, 2008: 1; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Porto et al., 2010: 292, 295, table 1; syn. nov.

Rhopalurus melleipalpus Lutz and Mello, 1922 b: 25 (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 129); Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 275, 283, pl. 11, fig. 37; 1924b: 318, 341, 348, 349, pl. 11, fig. 37; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 32; Lourenço, 1982 a: 129; syn. nov.

Rhopalurus borelli: Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Prado, 1938: 347– 349, fig. 2; 1940: 27, 35, 36; Bücherl, 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262, 263, map;

Araújo, 1981: 235; Lourenço, 2008: 6.

Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927: 357, 358, fig. 2a–d (synonymized with R. borellii by Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262); Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1938: 347– 349, fig. 2; 1939: 6; 1940: 26, 33; Roewer, 1943: 219; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 274; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lourenço, 1979: 215; 1982 a: 128; syn. nov.

Rhopalurus lambdophorus Mello-Leitão, 1932: 12–15, 31, 38, 39, fig. 8, 8a–8c (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 129); Prado, 1940: 26, 30; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 278, 279; Lourenço, 1982 a: 129; syn. nov.

Rhopalurus intermedius: Mello-Leitão, 1932: 14; Prado, 1940: 26, 28; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 277, 278; Bücherl, 1959: 268.

Heteroctenus borellii: Meise, 1934: 42 .

Centruroides (Rhopalurus) borellii: Werner, 1934: 274, fig. 33, 33a.

Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus Prado, 1938: 347– 349, figs. 1, 2 (previously synonymized with R. borellii by Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262); Prado, 1940: 26, 33, fig.; Lourenço, 1982 a: 128; syn. nov.

Rhopalurus goiasensis Prado, 1940: 26, 31, 32, fig. (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 133); syn. nov.

Rhopalurus iglesiasi dorsomaculatus: Mello- Leitão, 1945: 267, 275–277, figs. 113, 114; Bücherl, 1959: 268; Lucas and Bücherl, 1971: 636, figs. 1–4.

Rhopalurus stenochirus goyasensis: Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267; Lourenço, 1979: 215.

Rhopalurus stenochirus melleipalpus: Mello- Leitão, 1945: 267, 292, 293.

Rhopalurus stenochirus goiasensis: Mello-Leitão, 1945: 290–292; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263.

Rhopalurus borelli borelli: Jaume, 1954: 1090 .

Rhopalurus stenochirus goiazensis: Bücherl, 1959: 269 .

Rhopalurus agamemnom: Porto et al., 2010: 294, fig. 2A.

TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Androctonus agamemnon: Holotype [sex?] (ZMB) [lost]. Ceará : Rhopalurus melleipalpus: Holotype ♀ [lost], Assare. Rhopalurus lambdophorus: Holotype ♂ [lost; original type depository unknown;?“ Museu Rocha, Ceará ”], Ceará . Goiás: Rhopalurus borellii: 1?juv. ♀ lectotype [desig. Lourenço, 1982 a: 139] (BMNH 1842.6.20.1), Goiás ; paralectotype ♂ (BMNH). Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus: Holotype ♀ (IBSP 35), Cana Brava, Nova Roma. Rhopalurus goiasensis: 1 juv.? ♂ holotype (IBSP 66), paratype ♀ (IBSP 31), Cana Brava. Piauí : Centrurus intermedius: Holotype ♀ (NMW 2246), Barra do Parnaguá. Rhopalurus acromelas: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ syntypes [lost], Terezina. Rhopalurus iglesiasi: 1 ♂, 8 ♀ syntypes (SMF 5280), Piauí .

DIAGNOSIS: Jaguajir agamemnon is most closely related to J. pintoi . The two species resemble one another, and differ from J. rochae, in their darker coloration and broader metasoma. Whereas the base coloration is brown to black, and the metasoma of the male markedly wider posteriorly in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, the base coloration is pale to dark yellow, and the metasoma of the male slightly wider posteriorly in J. rochae . Additionally, the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are markedly curved, creating a large proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male is reduced or absent in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are slightly curved, creating a small proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male exhibits a prominent proximal lobe, in J. rochae . Furthermore, the subaculear tubercle of the telson is well developed and spinoid in J. agamemnon, but very reduced, forming a small protuberance, in J. pintoi and J. rochae .

Jaguajir agamemnon can be further differentiated from J. pintoi as follows. Jaguajir agamemnon is bicolored and generally paler, with the prosoma and tergites I–VI brown and tergite VII, metasoma, telson, pedipalps, and legs lighter, somewhat orange, whereas J. pintoi, is almost uniformly dark, with the prosoma, tergites, metasoma, telson, and pedipalps dark brown to black, and the sternites, legs, and telson somewhat lighter, reddish brown. Additionally, the metasoma of J. agamemnon is proportionally more slender, with metasomal segment V approximately 1.5× longer than wide, than that of J. pintoi, with metasomal segment V almost as wide as long. The dorsolateral carinae of the metasomal segments comprise small, acuminate granules in J. agamemnon, whereas the carinae comprise blunt spiniform granules, increasing in size posteriorly, especially prominent on segments III and IV, in J. pintoi .

DISTRIBUTION: Jaguajir agamemnon is endemic to northeastern Brazil and recorded from the states of Bahía, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Tocantins (fig. 7).

ECOLOGY: This species inhabits open savannah. Personally collected specimens were found under stones during the day and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b).

REMARKS: The evidence and analyses presented by Esposito et al. (in review) demonstrated that R. acromelas is conspecific with J. agamemnon, justifying its synonymy, and that of its former synonyms, with the latter, resulting in the following new synonyms: Rhopalurus acromelas Lutz and Mello, 1922 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus melleipalpus Lutz and Mello, 1922 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus lambdophorus Mello-Leitão, 1932 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus Prado, 1938 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus goiasensis Prado, 1940 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Maranhão: Balsas, 07°28′44″S 46°07′0 9″W, 4.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♀ (MZSP 31132/AMCC [LP 9948]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31133/AMCC [LP 9932]); Caxias, 04°56′26″S 43°27′59″W, 16.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 30883/AMCC [LP 9692]), 04°56′50″S 43°29′45″W, 15.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31134/AMCC [LP 9936]); Santa Barbara, on shore of Rio Parnaíba, vi.1962, G. Eiten, 1 ♂ (AMNH). Pernambuco: Exu, 10 km N, 13.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, rocky habitat within thorn scrub forest, 1 ♀, 1 subad. ♀, 4 juv. (AMNH), 14.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, rocky habitat in thorn scrub, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 10 km NE, 28.iv.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 subad. ♀, 2 subad., 1 juv. (AMNH), 25.ix.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 15 km NE, 14.v.1977, L.J. Vitt, high caatinga, under bark of tree, 1 subad. ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 20 km E, 30.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. ♂ (AMNH); Fazenda Caterino, 10 km NE Exu, 1.viii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. ♂ (AMNH), 25.ix.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♀ (AMNH), 9.vii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 subad. ♂ (AMNH). Piauí: Barras, 04°19′0 4″S 42°18′26″W, 18.viii.2008, R. Pintoda-Rocha et al., 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 30884/AMCC [LP 9693]); Castelo do Piauí, 05°13′43″S 41°41′57″W, 13.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 ♀ (MZSP 30887/AMCC [LP 9696]), 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 31157/AMCC [LP 9933]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31156/AMCC [LP 9939]); Oeiras, 06°58′28″S 42°06′31″W, 2–3.iv.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♂ (MZSP 31160/AMCC [LP 9954]), 1 ♀ (MZSP 31161/AMCC [LP 9942]); Piracuruca, near Parque Nacional Sete Cidades, 04°10′0 7″S 41°41′56.7″W, 16.viii.2008, R. Pintoda-Rocha and L.S. Carvalho, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31167/ AMCC [LP 9949]); Sítio Ouro Verde, Teresina, 04°54′13.9″S 42°47′27.1″W, 27.vii.2008, L.S. Carvalho, 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 30886/AMCC [LP 9695]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31169/AMCC [LP 9960]); Teresina, Campus UFPI, 05°02′43.5″S 42°46′13.4″W, 16.viii.2008, UFPI, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31170/AMCC [LP 9929]). Tocantins: Mateiros, Jalapão, 10°33.811′S 46°27.409′W, 17.iv.2009, S. Outeda-Jorge and F. Marques, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31182/ AMCC [LP 9938]), 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 31180/ AMCC [LP 9934]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31181/ AMCC [LP 9958]); Rio da Conceição, estrada para E.E. Serra Geral, 11°22′26″S 46°49′11″W, 7.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva and T.J. Porto, 1 ♀ (MZSP 30885/AMCC [LP 9694]), 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 31193/AMCC [LP 9935]).