Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889)

Figs 14I 1 –I 2, J 1 –J 2, K 1 –K 2, L

[ Mitra] scrobiculata Brcch. — Hauer 1837: 417 [non Brocchi, 1814].

[ Mitra] scrobiculata Brocc. — Hörnes 1848: 16 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra scrobiculata Brocc. — Hörnes 1852b: 100 (pars), pl. 10, fig. 15 [non Brocchi, 1814], [non figs 14a–14b =? Cancilla scrobiculata Brocchi, 1814; non fig. 16 = Cancilla exornata (Bellardi, 1887); non fig. 17 = Domiporta turpis nov. sp.; non fig. 18 = Domiporta austrogallica (Mayer-Eymar 1898)].

[ Mitra] scrobiculata Brocc. — Auinger 1871: 8 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Nebularia scrobiculata Brocc. —Hoernes 1880: 125 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata Brocc. — Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 80 (pars) [non Brocchi, 1814], [non pl. 9, fig. 17 = Cancilla planicostata (Bellardi, 1887); non pl. 9, figs 18–19 = Nebularia soliphila nov. sp.].

* Mitra praescrobiculata sp. n. — Toldo 1889: 146, pl. 3, figs 1–2.

Mitra (Cancilla) scrobiculata Brocc. var. — Friedberg 1911: 16, pl. 1, fig. 9 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra orientalis n. nom.— Oppenheim, 1918: 97 (pars) [nov. nom pro Mitra scrobiculata Hörnes, 1852b; pl. 10, figs 14, 15, 17] [non Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834].

Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata Brocc. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 46, pl. 5, figs 24, 27–28 [non Brocchi, 1814].

M [itra]. (T [iara].) orientalis Opph. — Sieber 1958a: 154.

Mitra (Tiara) orientalis Opph. — Sieber 1958b: 149.

Mitra scrobiculata Brocc. — Eremija 1959: pl. 1, figs 4a–b [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata Brocc. — Báldi 1960: 76 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Tiara) orientalis (Oppenheim, 1918) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 156, pl. 41, fig. 11.

Mitra scrobiculata Brocc. — Florei 1961: 686, pl. 9, fig. 68 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 365, pl. 26, figs 6–7 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata Br. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30, pl. 14, figs 11–12 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata Brocchi — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1059, pl. 6, fig. 6, pl.10, fig. 2 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) — Švagrovský 1982: 397, pl. 4, fig. 2 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) — Atanacković 1985: 162, pl. 36, figs 11–12 [non Brocchi, 1814].

? Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) — Bałuk 1997: 28, pl. 7, fig. 9 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889) — Davoli 2000: 188, pl. 5, figs 1, 2, 16, 18.

Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889) — Landau et al. 2013: 212, pl. 33, figs 9–11.

Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) — Popa et al. 2014: 15, pl.4, fig. 7 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Type material. Holotype: IPUM Cat. 5276, Montegibbio (Italy), Tortonian, illustrated in Toldo (1889, pl. 3, figs 1–2) and Davoli (2000, pl. 5, 1a–b).

Additional material. NHMW 1846/0037/0098, SL: 61.7 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1852b: 100, pl. 10, fig. 15, lectotype of Mitra orientalis Oppenheim, 1918 [non Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834], designated herein, figs 14I 1 –I 2; NHMW 2020/0114/0001, SL: 59.7 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), figs 14J 1 –J 2; NHMW 2020/0114/0002, SL: 68.2 mm, MD: 16.9 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), figs 14K 1 –K 2; NHMW 2020/0114/0003, SL: 60.0 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), fig. 14L; NHMW 2020/0114/0004, 9 specimens, Baden-Sooss (Austria); NHMW 1862/0001/0197, 12 specimens, NHMW 1862/0001/0198, 7 specimens, Baden (Austria); NHMW 1855/0045/0868, 12 specimens, NHMW 1937/0002/0275, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908, pl. 10, fig. 18); NHMW 1868/0001/0248, 10 specimens, Möllersdorf (Austria); NHMW 1854/0035/0092, 10 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2016/0177/0813, 8 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 2016/0177/0812, 5 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 1870/0033/0032, 12 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Shell large, slender fusiform with distinctly incised suture. Protoconch poorly preserved in all available specimens; high conical of about three moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of ten whorls. First teleoconch whorl with five close-set spiral cords, crossed by weak axial ribs, forming weakly cancellate sculpture. Six to eight broad, flattish spiral cords on subsequent spire whorls; number increasing by bifurcation of some primary spiral cords in variable manner; bifurcated adsutural primary spiral cord in many specimens; Spiral grooves variable in width; very narrow, punctate or slightly wider with delicate, densely spaced axial riblets in most specimens. Last whorl high, weakly convex at periphery, situated slightly above adapical termination of aperture. Slowly contracting, with shallow concavity at base. Spiral sculpture of last whorl variable; typically with 15 to 20 broad spiral cords; on base and fasciole narrower cords with intercalations of secondary spirals. Spiral cords may be weak or subobsolete along periphery. Adapical spiral cords frequently bifurcated. Aperture narrow, elongate. Columellar callus thin, glossy. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, fourth abapical fold strongly reduced in adult specimens. Siphonal canal long, moderately narrow, weakly twisted to the left, with moderately incised siphonal notch. Colour pattern in UV light not intense, consisting of dark-violet spiral stripes coinciding with spiral grooves (not illustrated).

Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 34.7–91.2 mm, MD: 8.9–22.2 mm, AA = 23–28°, SL/ MD: 3.9–4.4, AL/AW: 6.8–7.1, AH/S: 1.8–2.0.

Discussion. Mitra orientalis was introduced by Oppenheim (1918) referring explicitly to the specimens illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, figs 14, 15, 17). Therefore, Mitra orientalis cannot be treated as nomen nudum as proposed by Janssen (1972: 43). The new name is problematic in two aspects. Firstly, it was already preoccupied for an extant Mitridae by Griffith & Pidgeon (1834: 598, pl. 40, fig. 5). Secondly, the three syntypes are not conspecific. Figure 15 of Hörnes (1852b, pl. 109) is treated herein as Cancilla praescrobiculata (Toldo, 1889) and figure 17 is described herein as Domiporta turpis nov. sp. The status of the giant specimen illustrated as figure 14 by Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10) remains unclear because the specimen is lost. The enormous size of 120 mm is reminiscent of large Pliocene specimens of Cancilla scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) . Hörnes (1852b: 101) states Baden as locality, but this locality may have been erroneous and the specimen originating from the Pliocene of Italy. To clarify the confused situation, we choose the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 15) as lectotype of Mitra orientalis Oppenheim, 1918 [non Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834], but refrain from introducing a replacement name for it, because we consider it a subjective junior synonym of Mitra praescrobiculata Toldo, 1889 .

Cancilla praescrobiculata is a common species in deeper water deposits of the Central Paratethys. It is considered the Miocene ancestor of the Pliocene Cancilla scrobiculata (Brocchi, 1814) by Toldo (1889), Davoli (2000) and Landau et al. (2013). For discussion on differences between the species see Landau et al. (2013: 212).

Palaeoenvironment. The specimens were collected from basinal clays of the Baden Formation, indicating middle to outer neritic environments with up to 250 m water depth (Hohenegger et al. 2008).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland), “tectonic windows” in the Polish Outer Carpathians: Benczyn near Wadowice (Poland) (Bałuk 1997); Ukrainian ForeCarpahian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Windpassing Grund, Immendorf (Austria), Jerutek at Lysice (Czech Republic (Sieber 1947, 1949; Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria), Sedlec (= Porzteich) (Czech Republic), Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau, Marz, Rohrbach (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Sieber 1956); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Szobb, Letkés, Sámsonháza, Budapest (Illés street). (Hungary) (Strauss 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Cserhát Mountains: Bóta (Hungary) (Strauss 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Bahna Basin: Bahna (Romania) (Tiţă 2007); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Staropatica, Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Baþharman, Akpýnar, Pýnarlar Yaylasý (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Davoli 2000).