Family Mitridae Swainson, 1831

Discussion. The molecular phylogeny of Fedosov et al. (2018) has important implications for the taxonomy of European Mitridae . As in Landau et al. (2019), Fedosov et al.’s generic descriptions and concepts are followed herein.

Key to Mitridae genera in the Paratethys*

1. Shell fusiform to elongate fusiform....................................................................... 2 Shell squat, ovate, last whorl rounded...................................................... Wormsina nov. gen. Shell broad fusiform, last whorl shouldered................................................. Fraudiziba nov. gen.

2. Spiral sculpture covers entire shell, or almost so............................................................. 3 Spiral sculpture restricted to early whorls and base........................................ Episcomitra and Isara **

3. Spiral and axial sculpture............................................................................... 4 Spiral sculpture only................................................................................... 5

4. Relatively strong cancellate sculpture on early spire whorls............................................ Calcimitra Weak cancellate sculpture on earliest spire whorls......................................... Cancilla (some species)

5. Elongate fusiform, relatively tall spire, prominent basal concavity....................................... Domiporta Fusiform, gradate spire, thickened outer lip, strongly twisted fasciole..................................... Nebularia Elongate fusiform, high aperture, long siphonal canal, hardly constricted at base............................ .. Cancilla

* Protoconch type is genus specific, but is not used in the key as the protoconch is usually not preserved. However, we recognize three categories: paucispiral protoconch ( Episcomitra, Fraudiziba), multispiral ( Calcimitra, Domiporta, Nebularia, Cancilla), and variable or unknown ( Isara, Wormsina).

** Episcomitra and Isara cannot be separated based on shell characters (see generic discussions).