Chilaspis Linnaeus, 1758

A Western Palearctic genus with two species, C. israeli Sternlicht and C. nitida (Giraud), inducing catkin and leaf galls on oaks from section Cerris. The asexual and sexual generations are known for both species, developing in detachable leaf galls and catkin galls, respectively. Morphologically, the genus closely resembles Dryocosmus and Plagiotrochus (Pujade-Villar et al. 2003b; Melika et al. 2010), but its synonymization with Dryocosmus by Ács et al. (2007) was premature and did not incorporate adequately molecular or morphological characters found in other cynipid genera (e.g., Aphelonyx, and Neuroterus). In a more recent phylogenetic reconstruction, C. nitida and C. israeli formed a strongly-supported monophyletic clade together with Plagiotrochus, and were clearly separated from Dryocosmus (Stone et al. 2009) .