23. Phytoliriomyza ugetsu Kato sp. nov.

Fig. 44

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a404), Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref. (33.2954°N, 130.5747°E, 180 m asl), 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32024. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a466, 547, 554), same data as holotype, emerged on 1-3-I-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32025-32027; 1♀ (MK-AG-532), Ashizuri-misaki, Tosashimizu, Kochi Pref., 26-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 31-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32028; 2♀ (MK-AG-559, 563), Han-yama, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32029, 32030.

Other material.

Japan: 6♂6♀, Mikisato, Owase, Mie Pref., 30-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 20-II-15-III-2021; 3♂5♀, Tategasaki, Kumano, Mie Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-18-V-2021; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2010; 12♂15♀, Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref., 29-IV-2008 (as larva), emerged on 1-3-V-2008; 1♂2♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 15-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 23-28-II-2013; 1♂2♀, Shinkawa-keikoku, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., 31-III-2071 (as larva), emerged on 13-27-IV-2017; 1♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 18-V-2013 collected on thallus of C. orientalis; 1♀, Mt. Inao, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 28-II-2000 (as larva), emerged on 4-IV-2000.

Diagnosis.

A large dark species (wing length 2.1-2.7 mm) having pruinose dark brown scutum, black 1st flagellomere with yellow arista, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising six long fused tubercle-like setae, but lacking an inner-lateral tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalum orientalis .

Description.

Adult male (Fig. 44A-E).

Head: Head yellow, but frons and ocellar triangle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 44C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 44B). Arista subbasal, yellow, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow (Fig. 44C). Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 44B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum and scutellum entirely dark brown (Fig. 44D). Subscutellum yellow except brown posterior margin. Mediotergite, katatergite and anatergite brown (Fig. 44E). Pleuron yellow with large brown patches on notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron (Fig. 44B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 44A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 44B). Acrostichal setulae 10-12 pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 44A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellowish gray; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 44E). Genitalia: (Fig. 44G-I) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-anterior margin with a row of several (2-4) short tubercle-like setae; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 44I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 44I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view, with one seta on each dorsal lobe (Fig. 44I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 44G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 44H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 44G). Basiphallus with broad pale plate on left side and lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 44G). Hypophallus hood-like, membranous; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; covered with microtrichia ventrally; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites incurved ventrally; a dark tubule protruding ventrally from subdistal center of the membrane (Fig. 44G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 44H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subrectangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented with flared apex; with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 44H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 44J).

Female (Fig. 44F). Similar to male, but larger, brown patches on pleuron larger and thicker. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 44L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 44L). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 44M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, which are ½ length of cercus (Fig. 44M). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 44L).

Variation.

The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varies from 6 to 8 within the same population and among localities.

Immatures. (Fig. 44N) Puparium internal, slender, and pale brown.

Etymology.

The specific name ugetsu is a Japanese word meaning rainy moon, and refers to dark scutum without a yellow mark.

Japanese name.

Ugetsu-jagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plant.

Conocephalum orientalis ( Conocephalaceae) growing on mesic soils in warm-temperate broadleaf evergreen forests.

Mine.

(Fig. 44O) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines.

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus glauca (Fig. 44P). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The female’s oviposition behavior on C. orientalis thalli was observed on 23 April 2021 in a Castanopsis forest at Tategasaki, Wakayama Pref. (Fig. 44K).

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 45).

Remarks.

This species is unique in the wholly dark brown color of both scutum and scutellum, and easily distinguished from all other Phytoliriomyza species.