2. Epeolus alpinus Friese, 1893

(Figs 2, 3)

Epeolus alpinus Friese, 1893: 34, ♀, (holotype: ♀, Switzerland, Goeschenen; ZMHB).

Epeolus variegatus Thomson, 1872 (nom. praeocc., nec Linnaeus 1758): 212, ♀, (lectotype: ♀, designated by Nilsson 2010: 87, Sweden, Norrland; ZMLU).

Epeolus glacialis Alfken, 1913: 36, nomen novum for E. variegatus Thomson, 1872 . Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 60.

Epeolus montanus Bischoff, 1930: 9, ♀, ♂, (holotype: ♀, Germany, Warnemünde; ZMHB). Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 60.

Epeolus pilosus Bischoff, 1930: 9–10, ♀, ♂, (holotype: ♀, Russia, Kaliningrad Oblast, Rositten [=Rybachij]; ZMHB). Synonymized by Warncke 1986: 60.

Epeolus alpinus Bischoff, 1930 (nom. praeocc., nec Friese 1893): 9–10, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Switzerland, Saas; ZMHB). Synonymized by Stoeckhert 1933: 65 with E. glacialis Alfken, 1913 .

Other notable publications. Stoeckhert 1933: 65 (as “ E. variegatus ”, nec Linnaeus 1758); Bischoff 1930: 8–11 (as E. glacialis Alfken, E. montanus Bischoff, E. pilosus Bischoff, E. alpinus Bischoff, 1930; key); Niemelä 1947: 39–43 (as E. glacialis Alfken, E.montanus Bischoff; key, descriptive note, foraging plants); Nilsson 2010: 87 (as Epeolus alpinus ssp. glacialis, type material); Scheuchl 2000: 144, 147 (key, figures); Bogusch & Hadrava 2018: 6–8, 56, 57 (key, note on synonymy, diagnosis, figures); Le Divelec 2021: 2–3 (note on synonymy); Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2022a: 308–309, 312–313 (key, morphological differences, variation, figures).

Host. Colletes impunctatus Nylander and C. floralis Eversmann (Bischoff 1930; Niemelä 1947). Bischoff (1930) also reported C. caspicus Morawitz, 1874 (as C. balticus Alfken) as a host of this species (as Epeolus pilosus).

Remarks. According to Le Divelec (2021: 3) this species is a complex, at least in southern Europe and the current concept of E. alpinus should be properly investigated.

Distribution. Europe, Turkey, Iran, Russia (to Far East), Kazakhstan (Akmola Province), Mongolia (Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2023). Bogusch (2018) mentioned hypothetical records from North Africa.