Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering, 1905)

Figs 1 A, 3 A, B, 4 A

Diagnosis.

Separated from G. kimorum and G. lupini by the sculpturing on the side of the scutellum. In G. brasiliensis, this area has distinct dorso-ventral carinae enclosing one or a few cells (Fig. 3 A). In G. kimorum and G. lupini, this area is totally smooth (arrows, Fig. 3 C, E). Further separated from G. kimorum by the well-developed ovipositor clip that is expanded across more the half the width of the ovipositor valve (Fig. 4 A).

Redescription.

As in the description for the G. brasiliensis species complex, but lateral aspect of pronotum with distinct ridge with associated fovea; ovipositor clip large, extending beyond the halfway point across the fused ovipositor valve. Previous studies referencing ‘ Gb G 5 ’ or ‘ G 5 ’, refer to this species (Nomano et al. 2017).

Material examined.

Lectotype (female): Collection Ashmead [first label]; Ipiranga, Brazil [second label]; No 2066 from a peach [third label]; S. S. Paulo Museum 190 [third label]; Lectotype [fourth label, red, Weld’s hand]; Ipiranga, S. S. Paulo Museum 190, No. 4066 a, on peach [folded hand-written label]; EUCOILIDAE, Pseudeucoila (Hexamerocera) brasiliensis Ashmead [white computer generated label]; USNMENT 0119750. Deposited in USNM . Paralectotype (male): Collection Ashmead [first label]; Hexamerocera brasiliensis male / female symbol Ashm (over) [front side, second label] ex Drosophila punctata fruitfly [back side, second label]; Paratype [third label, red]; Eucoila (Hexamerocera) brasiliensis Ihering [fourth label, in Weld’s hand]; Pseudeucoila brasiliensis (R. v. Ihr.) [fifth label, Weld’s hand); EUCOILIDAE Eucoila brasiliensis [white computer generated label]; USNMENT 01119745. Deposited in USNM .

Other material examined.

Panama: Monte Oscuro, June-July ’ 95 [1895] Z- 5203, USNMENT 01119746 (male); USNMENT 01119747 (female); Panama City, Z- 3661 [no date]; 2 male specimens / pin: USNMENT 01119748 – USNMENT 01119749, USNMENT 01119740 – USNMENT 01119742; Canal Zone, Balboa, VI. 10.1936, J Zetek, collector, P. R. no. 1803; 4 females: USNMENT 01119645 – USNMENT 01119648; 3 males: USNMENT 01119649, USNMENT 01119743, USNMENT 01119744; Monte Oscuro, Panama City, Z- 3666 [no date]; 1 female: USNMENT 01119650; Monte Oscuro, Panama City, Z- 3665 [no date]; 1 female: USNMENT 01119651; Monte Oscuro, Panama City, Z- 3665, ex Anastrepha acidusa, emerge 2–3 weeks after last fly out- 25 days after pupation [no date]; 1 female: USNMENT 01119652 ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Z- 2748, Ex Anastrepha fratercula or Drosophila striata, July 1927, I. Molino, collector; 2 females: USNMENT 01119653 and USNMENT 01119654 ; Taboga Island, Sept. 30, 1926, I. Molino, collector, Z- 2727; 11 females: USNMENT 01119656 – USNMENT 01119665, 1 male: USNMENT 01119666 ; Panama City, Z- 3222, Ex Anastrepha serpentina in nispero, May 1930, J Zetek, collector; 2 males: USNMENT 01119667, USNMENT 01119668 ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Z- 2715, Oct. 12, 1926, bred by Molina, ex fruit of Spondias lutea, parasite of diptera Z- 2716; 1 female: USNMENT 01119669 . Guadeloupe: Ganaspis G. 302.1, Y. Carton; 3 females: USNMENT 01119670 – USNMENT 01119672; 3 males USNMENT 01119673 – USNMENT 01119675 .

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) Barcode region.

> Pseudoeucoila _ brasiliensis _ AP 7 BC 36 (USNMENT 01119647)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNAATTTGATCAGGAATAATTGGATCAAGTTTAAGAATAATTATTCGTCTA GAATTAGGCACCCCTTCACAATTAATTAATAATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACCACTCATGC ATTTGTAATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATAGTAGGAGGATTTGGAAATTACTTAATTCCCT TAATATTATCTGCCCCTGATATATCATTTCCTCGTCTTAATAATATAAGATTCTGATTATTAATTCCT TCTTTAATTTTAATAATTTCAAGTATATTTATTGATGAAGGATCTGGAACCGGATGAACCATTTATCC TCCTTTATCATTAAATAAATCACATCCAGGAATTTCAACTGATTTAGTAATTTTCTCCCTTCATCTTA GAGGAATTTCTTCAATTTTAGGATCAATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTTTAAATATACGACCTAATTTT ATAAGTATAGATAAAATTTCTTTATTTACTTGATCCATTTTTCTTACTACCATTTTATTATTATTATC TTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGCGGAATCACTATATTATTATTTGACCGAAACATTAATACATCTTTTTATG ACCCAATAGGAGGAGGTGATCCTATTC

> Ganaspis _ brasiliensis _ 2966

TATATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGATCAGGAATAATTGGATCAAGTTTAAGAATAATTATTCGACTAGAAT TAGGCACCCCTTCACAATTAATTAATAATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACCACTCATGCATTTGTAA TAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATAGTAGGAGGATTTGGAAATTACTTAATTCCTTTAATATTATCTG CCCCTGATATATCATTTCCTCGTCTTAATAATATAAGATTCTGATTATTAATCCCTTCTTTAATTTTAATAA TTTCAAGTATATTTATTGATGAAGGATCTGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCTCCTTTATCATTAAATAAAT CACATCCAGGAATTTCAACTGATTTAGTAATTTTCTCCCTTCATCTTAGAGGAATCTCTTCAATTCTAGGAT CAATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTTTAAATATACGACCTAATTTTATAAGTATAGATAAAATTTCTTTATTTA CTTGATCTATTTTTCTTACTACCATTTTACTATTATTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGTGGAATCACTATAT TACTGTTTGATCGAAACATTAATACATCTTTTTATGATCCAATAGGAGGAGGTGACCCTATTCTATACCAAC ATTTATTC

> Ganaspis _ brasiliensis _ 2919

TATATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGATCAGGAATAATTGGATCAAGTTTAAGAATAATTATTCGACTAGAA TTAGGCACCCCTTCACAATTAATTAATAATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACCACTCATGCATTTGT AATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATAGTAGGAGGATTTGGAAATTACTTAATTCCTTTAATATTAT CTGCCCCTGATATATCATTTCCTCGTCTTAATAATATAAGATTCTGATTATTAATCCCTTCTTTAATTTTA ATAATTTCAAGTATATTTATTGATGAAGGATCTGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCTCCTTTATCATTAAA TAAATCACATCCAGGAATTTCAACTGATTTAGTAATTTTCTCCCTTCATCTTAGAGGAATCTCTTCAATTC TAGGATCAATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTTTAAATATACGACCTAATTTTATAAGTATAGATAAAATTTCT TTATTTACTTGATCTATTTTTCTTACTACCATTTTACTATTATTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGTGGAAT CACTATATTACTGTTTGATCGAAACATTAATACATCTTTTTATGATCCAATAGGAGGAGGTGACCCTATTC TATACCAACATTTATTC

Biology.

Kionobiont endoparasitoid of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and other Drosophila in decaying fruit. Original description and some label data suggesting Anastrepha ( Tephritidae) as a host are most likely to represent erroneous associations (cf. Buffington and Forshage 2016).