Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope, 1842

Fig. 44

Monohammus alternatus Hope, 1842: 61. TL: China (Zhejiang); TD: OXUM

Monohammus tesserula White, 1858: 408. TL: China (Hong Kong): TD: NHMUK

Distribution.

Palaearctic Region: China (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea (Yiu 2009; Lin and Yang 2019; Danilevsky 2020). Oriental Region: Laos; Vietnam (Akbulut et al. 2017).

Macau records.

1♀, Coloane, 19 Apr 2001, CM Chan, Monochamus alternatus Hope ♀ (CIAM); 1♂, ibidem 25 Apr 2001, CM Chan, Monochamus alternatus Hope ♂ (CIAM); 1♂, ibidem 26 Apr 2001, CM Chan, Monochamus alternatus Hope ♂ (CIAM); Coloane Heights, A-Mà statue, 22 May 2020, R Perissinotto; ibidem 30 May 2020, dead under spot-light, R Perissinotto & L Clennell (IZCAS); St. Francis Xavier’s Parish [Coloane], 24 May 2020 22:52, Kit Chang (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47149824); ibidem 24 May 2020 9:13, Kisu Wong (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/542858480).

Remarks.

In Macau, adults are active mainly at night and only in late spring; they range in total length 18-21 mm and 6-7.5 mm in maximum width. In Hong Kong, larvae reportedly bore into Pinus massoniana and carry the pine-wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xilophilus, which is a pest of pine plantations (Yiu 2009). Other larval food plants include Abies firma, A. holophylla, Cedrus deodara, C. libani, Cryptomeria japonica, Juniperus sp., J. chinensis, Larix sp., Larix gmelinii, Malus asiatica, M. pumila, Morinda umbellata, Picea sp., P. excelsa, P. morinda, Pinus armandii, P. banksiana, P. densiflora, P. elliottii, P. khasya, P. koraiensis, P. luchuensis, P. massoniana, P. rigida, P. strobus, P. taeda, P. thunbergii, P. yunnanensis and Quercus sp. (Lim et al. 2014; Lin and Yang 2019).