The Stigmella pandora group (designated here) (species 18–21)

Diagnostics (Fig. 37): forewing speckled, sometimes with ill-defined (false) fascia. In male genitalia, phallus with a few loose, sometimes bilateral cornuti; valva with two apical processes; transtilla with or without small sublateral processes; uncus with two lobes or four caudal papillae; gnathos with two caudal processes; vinculum with small to large lateral lobes. Currently the group comprises of about ten Andean species: three from Ecuador (S.

nubimontana Puplesis & Diškus, S. rubeta Puplesis & Diškus, and one undescribed species), three from Peru ( S. mustelina Remeikis & Stonis, S. misera Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., S. pandora Remeikis & Stonis), one from Bolivia ( S. calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, and at least three undescribed species from Argentina and Venezuela (Stonis et al. in prep.). Trophic relationships: the described species are known as leaf-miners on Rubus (Rosaceae) and Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae), while two undescribed species feeder on Asteraceae . Leaf-mines as galleries, often in distal parts resembling blotches.