Parapholidoptera karabagi Demirsoy, 1974

Distribution. P. karabagi is endemic to Anatolia. It was known from Erzurum, Sivas and Bayburt provinces of Turkey (Figure 10A) (Demirsoy 1974; Çıplak 2000; Mol et al. 2016; Ünal 2018).

Song recording. Male specimens collected from Turkey, Bayburt, Kopdağı Mountains Pass, 40°02.15’ N, 40°30.40’ E, 2436 m, 18.VIII.2015 (by D. Şirin, M.S. Taylan & A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 26 °C in the laboratory (by D. Şirin & M.S. Taylan).

Description of song. Five records from two males were examined. The calling song includes regular syllables (Figure 10B, 10C) with an interval 282–409 ms (302.15 ± 19.25). Syllable duration varies between 37–75 ms (54.21 ± 6.73). Oscillographic analyses show that each syllable includes three elements (pulse like -quieter -louder) (Figure 10D). First element of a syllable (rarely absent) is the pulse like element and its duration varies between 13–22 ms (17.27 ± 2.23). The first element of the syllable is followed by a quieter part after an interval of 0–6 ms (3.17 ± 0.96). The quieter part (middle element) of the syllable consists of 8–13 (10.23 ± 1.52) pulses and its duration varies from 12 to 18 ms (15.32 ± 1.64). The middle part is followed by a louder part (last element) without any interval; the last element is much louder than the middle element and lasts for 13–21 ms (17.25 ± 1.09).