2b. Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow

Systematic Botany 12: 429 (Furlow 1987). – C. betulus var. virginiana Marshall, Arbustrum Americanum: 25 (Marshall 1785). – C. virginiana (Marshall) Sudworth, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 20: 43 (Sudworth 1893) nom. illegit., non Miller (1768). – C. caroliniana var. virginiana (Marshall) Fernald, Rhodora 37: 425 (Fernald 1935). – Type: s. loc., 16 Sep. 1906, R.W. Woodward s.n. (neo-, designated by Furlow (1987: 429): NEBC00078970!). – Note: original material in Marshall Herbarium, but it was destroyed (Furlow 1987).