Palpada vinetorum (Fabricius, 1798)

Figs 4G, 5A

Syrphus vinetorum Fabricius, 1798: 562 (as vinctorum, emended by Fabricius 1799: 48)

( type: UZMC, only a name label remains (Zimsen 1964: 478); type locality: “ America Insulis ” ).

Musca surinamensis de Geer, 1776: 145 .

Eristalis trifasciatus Say, 1829: 165 .

Eristalis decora Perty, 1833: 185 .

Eristalis uvarum Walker, 1849: 623 .

Eristalomyia croceipes Bigot, 1880: 227 .

Eristalis soulougensis Bigot, 1880: 228 .

Doliosyrphus hirtipes Bigot, 1883: 121 .

Eristalis trilimbatus Giglio-Tos, 1892: 5 .

Differential diagnosis

Species with pilose postpronotum, vein R4+5 strongly sinuate (Fig. 5A), metafemur with basoventral patch of black setulae and scutum usually with two grey pollinose fasciae.

Material examined

FRENCH POLYNESIA: Gambier Islands: 1 ♂, Mangareva, Belvédère, 28 May 2012, F. Jacq leg. (CTR). – Marquesas Islands: 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Hiva Oa, 5 Mar. 2013, F. Jacq leg. (CTR). – Society Islands: 2 ♂♂, Huahine, Pohue Rahi, 16°46′54.3″ S, 150°58′12.4″ W, 200 m a.s.l., 4 Jul. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_09742, symbiocode_09743); 2 ♂♂, Huahine, Pointe Tiva, 16°49′15.11″ S, 150°59′0.61″ W, 2 m a.s.l., 21 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 4 ♂♂, Huahine, 16°49′11.08″ S, 150°58′59.56″ W, 6 m a.s.l., 21 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (2 ♂♂: CTR; 2 ♂♂: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019734, ZFMK-DIP-00019735); 1 ♀, Huahine, 16°49′17.31″ S, 150°59′4.42″ W, 5 m a.s.l., 22 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019733); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Raiatea, Te Mehani Rahi, 16°45′56.9″ S, 151°27′24.6″ W, 460 m a.s.l., 28 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL); 1 ♂, same collection data as preceding (SCL: symbiocode_05523); 1 ♀, Raiatea, 16°45′36.1″ S, 151°29′19.4″ W, 29 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL); 2 ♀♀, Raiatea, 16°45′56.0″ S, 151°27′59.9″ W, 390 m a.s.l., 29 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_05482, symbiocode_05488); 1 ♀, Raiatea, 27 Apr. 2012, F. Jacq and T. Laroche leg. (CTR); 1 ♂, Raiatea, Te Mehani ‘ute ‘ute, 16°46′51.12″ S, 151°27′39.39″ W, 645 m a.s.l., 25 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage, F. Jacq and T. Laroche leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Raiatea, Faaroa, 2015, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Raiatea, Opoa, 18 May 2015, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Taha’a, Paripari, 16°35′20.29″ S, 151°31′47.16″ W, 30 m a.s.l., 29 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019732); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Mount Mauru, 17°37′33.3″ S, 149°19′58.6″ W, 525 m a.s.l., 13 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_02652); 2 ♂♂, Tahiti, 17°37′52.3″ S, 149°21′05.6″ W, 800 m a.s.l., 13 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_02946); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Mont Marau, 1400 m a.s.l., 27 Aug. 2017, T. Ramage and F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK-DIP-00026900); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Arue, 17°32′8.26″ S, 149°31′6.74″ W, 200 m a.s.l., 16 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Vallée de la Papenoo, Plateau de Anaorii, 17°39′47.85″ S, 149°25′18.24″ W, 675 m a.s.l., 2 Oct. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00046222); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Papeete, Sainte-Amélie, Nov. 2013, F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019738) .

Geographical distribution

From USA to Argentina, the West Indies and French Polynesia.

Status in French Polynesia

Introduced; recorded from Marquesas Islands, Gambier Islands and Society Islands.

Flowers visited

Palpada vinetorum has been seen visiting the flowers of 14 plant species in 12 families: Emilia fosbergii Nicolson, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Tridax procumbens L. ( Asteraceae), Heliotropium foertherianum Diane & Hilger (Boraginaceae), Weinmannia vescoi Drake (Cunoniaceae), Euphorbia fosbergi (J.Florence) Govaerts (Euphorbiaceae), Hyptis capitata Jacq. (Lamiaceae), Geniostoma clavatum J.W.Moore (Loganiaceae), Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Lythraceae), Bougainvillea sp. ( Nyctaginaceae), Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven (Onagraceae), Portulaca oleracea L. cv. Wild Fire ( Portulacaceae), Gardenia taitensis DC. ( Rubiaceae) and Lantana camara L. ( Verbenaceae). Three of these plants, i.e., W. vescoi, E. fosbergi and G. clavatum, are endemic to French Polynesia.

Genetics

The BOLD Process IDs for the DNA barcodes (5′– COI) for this species are: SYC2574-14 (= KX054301, specimen symbiocode_02652), SYC2867-14 (= KX054303, specimen symbiocode_ 02946), SYC5397-14 (= KX054299, specimen symbiocode_05482), SYC5403-14 (= KX054302, specimen symbiocode_05488), SYC5438-14 (= KX054298, specimen symbiocode_05523), SYC9601- 14 (= KX054300, specimen symbiocode_09742) and SYC9602-14 (= KX054304, specimen symbiocode_09743). The Barcode Index Number (BIN) for these specimens is BOLD:AAY9710 (https://doi.org/10.5883/BOLD:AAY9710).

References

Thompson 1989: 16 (cit., records); Thompson & Vockeroth 1989: 451 (catalogue).

Remarks

Thompson (1989) reported this Neotropical species for the first time in the south Pacific Region and estimated a very recent introduction to this archipelago. The first records date back to 1984 and were from Moorea.