Pithemera bicincta (Perrier, 1875)

Pheretima bicincta— Ohfuchi 1956: 243, fig. 24; Gates 1959: 4; 1972: 170.

Pithemera bicincta— Sims & Easton 1972: 202; Easton 1981: 80; 1982: 725, fig. 4g; Shen & Tsai 2002a: 17, fig. 1A, 2002b: 1; Chen et al. 2003: 58; Blakemore 2003: 7; Blakemore et al. 2006: 230; Tsai et al. 2009: 38.

Material examined. 4 adults, NCHUZOOL 13522, Nanliao Mt., Lyudao, Taitung Co., Taiwan, coll. H.-T. Shih, 18 Feb. 1998; 4 adults, NCHUZOOL 13529; 22°04’43.2”N, 121°30’24.9”E, Lanyu Lighthouse, Lanyu, Taitung Co., Taiwan, coll. Y.-H. Wang, 2 Apr. 2008; 2 adults, NCHUZOOL 13530, 22°04’37.6”N, 121°31’50.6”E, Langdao, Lanyu, Taitung Co., Taiwan, coll. Y.-H. Wang et al., 2 Apr. 2008.

Diagnosis. Dimensions 62–90 mm, 2.2–3.3 mm in clitellum. Prostomium, epilobic; first dorsal pore at 12/ 13. Clitellum annular, xiv–xvi 1/2. Spermathecal pores at 4/5–8/9; male pores on xviii; female pores, paired on xiv; 5–8 setae between male pores. Septa, 5/6–7/8 thick; 8/9–9/10 absent; 10/11–12/13 thick. Gizzard in viii–x; intestinal origin from xv; intestinal caeca very small and short, originating in xxii; typhlosole simple 1/ 3 lumen diameter from xxiii, extending forward as small ridge to xxi. Holandric; spermathecae paired in v–ix; prostates in xviii extending to xvi–xix, with 3 lobes.

Remarks. Pithemera bicincta is not common in Taiwan and only found on Yangmingshan (= Green Mt.), Taipei City (Gates 1959), Ilan Co. (Chen et al. 2003), and Lanyu, Taitung Co (Shen & Tsai 2002a, b). Our study added a new locality, Lyudao, Taitung Co.